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Controlling Weeds with Phytopathogenic Bacteria

机译：用植物致病细菌防治杂草

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Until recently, phytopathogenic bacteria have not been considered potential biological weed control candidates because they lack the ability to penetrate intact plants. This deficiency can be overcome by providing entry wounds or using surfactants. Spray application of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (5 x 10~8 cells/ml) in aqueous buffer with a surfactant produced severe disease in Canada thistle, common ragweed, Jerusalem artichoke, sunflower, and certain other members of the Compositae under field conditions. Spray application of the bacterium without surfactant was ineffective on all reported hosts. Xanthomonas campestris pv. poannua controlled annual bluegrass in bermudagrass golf greens when applied by spray during mowing. The bacterium entered through mowing injuries, causing lethal, systemic wilt. Application of the bacterium to annual bluegrass in the absence of fresh mowing injuries failed to produce symptoms. Under field conditions, this previously unknown pathovar's host range was limited to a single subspecies of annual bluegrass, but inundative application to freshly mowed turf resulted in infection of diverse annual bluegrass biotypes. In field trials, six monthly applications resulted in greater than 70% control. The preceding examples are among the first attempts to use foliar phytopathogenic bacteria for biological weed control. Efficacy of these bacterial bioherbicides and of future biocontrol strategies employing bacteria is dependent on facilitated host penetration.
机译：直到最近，植物病原菌还没有被认为是潜在的生物杂草控制候选物，因为它们缺乏穿透完整植物的能力。通过提供进入伤口或使用表面活性剂可以克服这种不足。丁香假单胞菌PV的喷雾施用。 tagetis（5 x 10〜8细胞/ ml）在含有表面活性剂的水性缓冲液中，在田间条件下在加拿大蓟，普通豚草，菊芋，向日葵和菊科的某些其他成员中引起严重疾病。在所有报告的宿主上，无表面活性剂的细菌喷洒均无效。 Xanthomonas campestris PV。在修剪过程中，通过喷施喷施法，可以在百慕大草果岭中控制一年生禾本科草。细菌通过割伤进入，引起致命的全身性枯萎。在没有新鲜割草伤害的情况下，将该细菌施用于一年生禾本科未产生症状。在田间条件下，这种以前未知的致病菌的寄主范围仅限于一年生禾本科草的单个亚种，但是对新鲜割草的草皮大量施用导致感染了各种一年生禾本科生物型。在田间试验中，每月进行六次施用，可控制率超过70％。前面的例子是使用叶植物致病细菌进行生物除草的首次尝试。这些细菌生物除草剂的功效以及未来采用细菌的生物防治策略的功效取决于促进的宿主渗透。

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