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Tree Encroachment Induces Biotic Differentiation in Sphagnum-Dominated Bogs

机译：树木入侵在泥炭藓为主的沼泽中诱导生物分化

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摘要

This study aims to understand the effects of recent tree encroachment on plant richness and diversity of Sphagnum-dominated bogs isolated in an agricultural landscape. A nested paired sampling design was used to compare plant species richness and beta diversity between open and forested habitats of 14 bogs in southern Quebec, Canada. We evaluated the impact of tree encroachment at regional and local scales (between and within bogs, respectively). Tree basal area, canopy openness and stand age were evaluated in forested habitats. We used permutation paired sample t-tests to compare species richness between open and forested sites. Beta diversity was calculated as between-site similarities in composition, and differences were evaluated using tests for homogeneity in multivariate dispersion. Forested habitats had greater species richness than open habitats due to enrichment by facultative and non-peatland species as well as by mid- and shade-tolerant vascular plants. At both scales, this species enrichment was associated with flora differentiation (increase of beta diversity), although at regional scale, this was true for bryophytes only. Tree basal area had a positive influence on forested habitats species richness. These compositional changes are expected to increase similarity between bog flora and upland vegetation, and consequently decrease regional diversity.
机译：这项研究旨在了解最近树木入侵对农业景观中孤立的以泥炭藓为主的沼泽植物的丰富度和多样性的影响。嵌套配对采样设计用于比较加拿大魁北克南部14个沼泽的开阔和森林生境之间的植物物种丰富度和β多样性。我们评估了树木入侵在区域和局部范围（分别在沼泽之间和沼泽内）的影响。在森林生境中评估了树木的基础面积，树冠开放度和林分年龄。我们使用排列配对的样本t检验比较开放和森林地点之间的物种丰富度。 Beta多样性计算为组成之间的站点间相似性，并使用多元分散体中的同质性测试评估差异。森林栖息地比开放栖息地具有更大的物种丰富度，这是由于兼性和非草原物种以及中度和耐荫维管植物的丰富。在两个尺度上，这种物种的丰富都与植物区系分化有关（β多样性的增加），尽管在区域尺度上，仅苔藓植物才如此。林木基部面积对森林生境物种丰富度具有积极影响。预计这些组成变化将增加沼泽植物区系与高地植被之间的相似性，从而降低区域多样性。

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