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首页> 外文期刊>The wilson journal of ornithology >NEST-SITE SELECTION, NEST SURVIVAL, PRODUCTIVITY, AND SURVIVAL OF SPRUCE GROUSE IN WISCONSIN
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NEST-SITE SELECTION, NEST SURVIVAL, PRODUCTIVITY, AND SURVIVAL OF SPRUCE GROUSE IN WISCONSIN

机译：威斯康星州云母的巢穴选择，巢生存，生产力和存活

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摘要

Spruce Grouse (Falcipennis canadensis) are listed as threatened in Wisconsin, and the boreal habitats in which they occur are likely to be threatened by changing climatic conditions. However, the limited information available on Spruce Grouse in the Upper Great Lakes region makes it unclear which habitat features are important for Spruce Grouse nesting in Wisconsin. We radiotracked 30 female Spruce Grouse in northern Wisconsin from 2007-2012 and located 25 nests. Eighteen of 25 nests were beneath black spruce (Picea mariana) trees. Only three nests were in upland, and only one in a stand of jack pines (Pinus banksiana), in contrast to studies from Michigan and Ontario. Overall concealment was a good predictor of nest sites for Spruce Grouse, but not a good predictor of nest survival. Nest survival was associated with moderately dense and uniform 0-0.5 m lateral vegetation cover. Seventeen of 25 nests were successful, with a daily survival rate of 0.985, overall productivity of 1.0 young/female, and 1.9 young/successful nest. Annual survival of adult males was estimated at 54%, adult females at 40%, and juvenile survival at 14% and 24% by two different methods. Estimates of λ of 0.65 and 0.67 suggest a declining population, but the upper confidence limit exceeds 1, not ruling out a stable or slightly increasing population. Protecting black spruce swamps will protect important nesting habitat for Spruce Grouse in Wisconsin.
机译：在威斯康星州，云杉松鸡（Falcipennis canadensis）被列为受威胁地区，发生这种情况的北方栖息地很可能受到气候条件变化的威胁。但是，由于上大湖区云杉松鸡的可用信息有限，因此尚不清楚哪些栖息地特征对于威斯康星州的云杉松鸡筑巢至关重要。从2007年至2012年，我们在威斯康星州北部对30只雌性云杉松鸡进行了无线电跟踪，发现了25个巢穴。 25个巢穴中有18个在黑云杉（Picea mariana）树下。与来自密歇根州和安大略省的研究相反，陆地上只有三个鸟巢，而在千斤顶松树（Pinus bankiana）的树丛中只有一个。总体隐蔽性是云杉松鸡巢位的良好预测指标，但不是巢生存的良好预测指标。巢的生存与中等密度和均匀的0-0.5 m的侧向植被覆盖有关。 25个巢中有17个成功，日生存率0.985，总生产率为1.0个年轻/雌性和1.9个年轻/成功的巢。通过两种不同的方法，估计成年男性的年生存率为54％，成年女性为40％，少年生存率为14％和24％。 λ的估计值为0.65和0.67表示人口正在下降，但置信上限超过1时，并未排除稳定的人口或略有增加的人口。保护黑云杉沼泽将为威斯康星州的云杉松鸡保护重要的筑巢栖息地。

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