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Wind flow simulations in idealized and real built environments with models of various level of complexity

机译：在理想化和实际构建环境中进行风流模拟，具有各种复杂程度的模型

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摘要

The suitability of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations on the built environment for the purpose of estimating average roughness characteristics and for studying wind flow patterns within the environment is assessed. Urban models of various levels of complexity are considered including an empty domain, array of obstacles arranged in regular and staggered manners, in-homogeneous roughness with multiple patches, a semi-idealized built environment, and finally a real built environment. For each of the test cases, we conducted CFD simulations using RANS turbulence closure and validated the results against appropriate methods: existing empirical formulas for the homogeneous roughness case, empirical wind speed models for the in-homogeneous roughness case, and wind tunnel tests for the semi-idealized built environment case. In general, results obtained from the CFD simulations show good agreement with the corresponding validation methods, thereby, giving further evidence to the suitability of CFD simulations for built environment studies consisting of wide-ranging roughness. This work also provides a comprehensive overview of roughness modeling in CFD-from the simplest approach of modeling roughness implicitly through wall functions to the most elaborate approach of modeling roughness explicitly for the sake of accurate wind flow simulations within the built environment.
机译：评估了计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟在建筑环境中的适用性，以估计平均粗糙度特征并研究环境中的风流模式。考虑了各种复杂程度的城市模型，包括空域，以规则和交错方式排列的障碍物阵列，具有多个补丁的不均匀粗糙度，半理想化的建筑环境，最后是真实的建筑环境。对于每个测试案例，我们使用RANS湍流闭合进行了CFD仿真，并根据适当的方法验证了结果：均质粗糙度案例的现有经验公式，非均质粗糙度案例的经验风速模型以及风洞测试。半理想化的构建环境案例。通常，从CFD模拟获得的结果与相应的验证方法显示出良好的一致性，从而进一步证明了CFD模拟适用于由各种粗糙度组成的建筑环境研究。这项工作还提供了CFD中粗糙度建模的全面概述-从通过墙函数隐式建模粗糙度的最简单方法，到为在建筑环境中进行精确的风流模拟而显式建模最复杂的方法。

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