摘要：Computation-based approaches in design have emerged in the last decades and rapidly became popular among architects and other designers.Design professionals and researchers adopted different terminologies to address these approaches.However,some terms are used ambiguously and inconsistently,and different terms are commonly used to express the same concept.This paper discusses computational design(CD)and proposes an improved and sound taxonomy for a set of key CD terms,namely,parametric,generative,and algorithmic design,based on an extensive literature review from which different definitions by various authors were collected,analyzed,and compared.
摘要：Buildings could play a critical role in energy and food production while making highdensity cities more resilient.Productive facades(PFs),as flexible and multi-functional systems integrating photovoltaic(PV)and vertical farming(VF)systems,could contribute to transforming buildings and communities from consumers to producers.This study analyses the architectural quality of the developed PF concept drawing on the findings of a web-survey conducted among experts e building professionals in Singapore.The developed design variants are compared with regards to key design aspects such as facade aesthetics,view from the inside,materialisation,ease of operation,functionality and overall architectural quality.The study also compares and discusses the results of the web-survey with the results of a previously conducted door-to-door survey among the potential users-residents of the Housing&Development Board(HDB)blocks.The findings confirm an overall acceptance of the PF concept and reveal a need for synergetic collaboration between architects/designers and other building professionals.Based on the defined PF design framework and the results of the two surveys,a series of recommendations and improved PF prototypes are proposed for further assessment and implementation in order to foster their scalability from buildings into communities and cities.
摘要：Due to rapid urbanization around the world,high concentrations of vehicular pollutants have deteriorated the outdoor air quality,which can affect the physical and psychological well-being of humans.Numerous strategies have been proposed to overcome these harmful impacts by improving the dispersion of air pollutants.Consequently,a question arises regarding the potential effects of building morphology on the dispersion of pollutants.Subsequently,transient three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations are performed to examine the effect of building morphology on PM10 dispersion.Eleven cases with various prototypes and morphological methods are compared with a simple building form to identify the patterns of PM10 dispersion within a given time sequence under a prevailing inflow condition.The results indicate that the different designs of building morphology with varying Relative compactness(RC)indicator highlight the importance of considering morphological factors to improve outdoor air quality.In addition,the proposed prototypes can reduce PM10 concentrations by approximately 30%e90%at specific points in the studied time sequence.In particular,the vertical,horizontal,and grid folded prototypes can be considered more effective as an approximate decrease between 70%and 90%in PM10 concentrations is observed,which reflects the influence of building morphology on improving outdoor air quality.
摘要：Parametric architecture can be used to improve design quality by integrating and coordinating design components,and any change in one parameter affects the final design.Daylight is a crucial parameter in designing energy-efficient buildings.In this research,daylight inside a building was improved by designing a kinetic shading system with independent units parametrically responding to sunlight through 3D rotation(around the centers of the units)and 2D movement(on the surface of the shading system).Various patterns were determined to create the unit’s basic form and allow the designer to have a wide range of options.The units were defined with the plugin“Grasshopper.”Their rotation was parametrically controlled on the basis of sun path and weather data by using“Honeybee”and“Ladybug”plugins to provide constant optimized daylighting inside the building.Results showed that the use of such a shading system in optimal situations can greatly increase the efficiency of indoor daylight.
摘要：This study optimized the ventilator and furniture location of a tenement unit in a low-income urban habitat to obtain maximum experiential indoor environmental quality(e-IEQ)over the breathing zone.Hypothetical interior layouts using a combination of the two design parameters of ventilator location and bed position were generated for optimizing the design layout.This layout could promote maximum indoor airflow and minimum indoor air temperature and contaminant concentration.In this study,an improved indoor environment is hypothesized to be attainable through improved natural ventilation and thermal performance in the occupied zones.A sequential methodology involving“parametric design modeling ecomputational simulationemultiobjective optimizationemulticriteria decision making”-based framework was selected.Results exhibited that the currently designed tenement unit had a poor indoor environment,whereas the hypothesized iterated layout“optimized design layout,scenario 3(ODL 3)”derived from the optimization and decision-making algorithm performed effectively in providing e-IEQ.An increase in experiential indoor air velocity by 0.2 m/s and a decrease in temperature by 2C were observed over the monitoring point in the ODL 3 considering the existing scenario.Therefore,this study can find a way toward the development of sustainable habitat design guidelines under upcoming slum redevelopment policies across the nation.
摘要：Energy consumption rates have been rising globally at an escalating pace since the last three decades.The exploration of new renewable and clean sources of energy globally is thus gaining prime importance.In Australia,coal is still the primary source of energy,which,during the process of energy production,generates greenhouse gases,subsequently resulting in environmental degradation.Within this context,the paper compares the economic and environmental benefits of utilizing two renewable energy production sources:algae building technology(ABT)and solar PV panels.A case study site for retrofitting a specified area on the front facade of a multi-storied building at the University of Technology Sydney,City Campus,Australia was thus chosen for the study.A cost and benefit analysis model using the following performance indicators;return on investment,payback period as well as net present value of the two systems,was thus initiated.Annual revenue generation of both systems which included tangible and intangible benefits of both systems were simultaneously calculated.The investment and operation and maintenance costs of both systems were calculated based on market research as well as quantitative data adapted from our literature review.Our conclusions show that closed tubular photobioreactor systems have more benefit than solar panel system from an environmental impact perspective considering Australia’s current struggle with water scarcity,drought,air pollution and carbon emission reduction goals.
摘要：This study deals with the architectural properties of traditional Siverek houses,which are important in the larger corpus of Southeastern Anatolian houses.The historical city center of Siverek has partly preserved its authentic character with its monumental buildings and traditional houses.Despite the considerable number of traditional courtyard houses in Siverek,no detailed survey has been conducted on them.In this work,these traditional houses in the historical Siverek City center are identified and documented for the first time.Their plans,facades,and structural systems are examined in detail,and the structural elements are comprehensively analyzed.We document the architectural features of these traditional Siverek houses and introduce the cultural heritage of the city.These details provide information for proper decision-making regarding the preparation of restitution and restoration projects and selecting materials and techniques that suit the structures to be restored.
摘要：The current pressure on the built historical heritage requires a global evaluation to develop strategies for its preservation.A combined vision of the state of conservation of architectural heritage is essential to highlight the vulnerabilities of the structure from which harmonized measures can be proposed for its mitigation.This study proposes a multi-criteria analysis methodology that considers a qualitative and quantitative approach to organize the global conservation state of heritage buildings hierarchically.A global index can be determined on the basis of the generation of an interoperable data matrix by defining a set of indicators to assess different components of a building.This index describes the risk with respect to the stability,safety,and habitability of the building.This methodology aims to achieve the state of the building in an integral way by obtaining a simple and objective index that enables efficient comparison among different buildings.The application of this methodology to a historic area allows creating a hierarchical map of risk to stablish priorities for intervention and enable a sustainable and critical management and planning over the actions of maintenance,conservation,and restoration.In this way,a holistic vision of the complex reality of built heritage and the urban landscape is obtained to identify critical areas of priority intervention.
摘要：The modernization of Shanghai has experienced two boosting periods.The first appeared in the 1930s,when it formed the civil society of Shanghai and initially facilitated the trade port into an international metropolis.The second started after the nation’s reform and opening-up,which attempted to promote the city into a global metropolis in the 2010s.In order to evaluate the socio-spatial transitions of communities in Shanghai during the process,Lilong historical neighborhoods in the 1930s and 2010s are successively chosen as research objects.Meanwhile,three specific neighborhoods in each period are selected for case study,so as to depict different symbiosis patterns of the socio-spatial structures under different spatiotemporal conditions by means of a cross-sectional analysis of the consumption level.By pointing out Shanghai in the 1930s was marked with social integration and local-based consumption,while it was inundated with administration tendency and global-oriented consumption in the 2010s,the article believes the dual integration of local-based and global-oriented consumptions is an alternative solution for Shanghai.Finally,the article proposes that Shanghai’s current urban regeneration should rely on the multi-centered symbiotic structure to create a compound network,during which territorial socio-spatial structures and basic living needs of the plebeian can be simultaneously preserved.
摘要：Shenzhen exemplifies the rapid development of urban planning and construction in China.Over the last 40 years,many representative urban spaces and buildings have been built on Shennan Road,the city’s main eastewest thoroughfare,which has witnessed the formation of a multicenter structural layout and the miraculous expansion of the city.Many iconic buildings were designed by Hong Kong or foreign architects.The continuous development along Shennan Road not only symbolizes the fruits of the reform and opening up policies of Shenzhen and even China,but also reflects the modern architectural history in Shenzhen.This study uses historical research methods to review the changes in the urban fabric and the design trends,as seen in representative buildings along Shennan Road in different periods.In addition to the transition path of the city center,the unique role of streets and buildings in the development of the urban structure is analyzed,and other urban functions and symbolic meanings are identified.This work contributes to the history and theory of the modernization of contemporary Chinese architecture.
摘要：The growing urbanization of hill towns results in an increasing demand for infrastructural facilities.Infrastructural facilities are generally planned without considering the effects of the surroundings as well as their effects on the sensitive ecosystem of hill areas.Site planning decisions are taken on the basis of judgment and experience of planners in the absence of a rational and quantitative framework for ensuring the sustainable development of hill areas.This scenario generates the need for an efficient site planning framework.Site planning is a creative problem solving(CPS)process.Hence,in the current study,the CPSbased framework is developed as follows.First,existing CPS-based frameworks for planning and designing are reviewed.Second,the framework is developed for site planning in hill areas.Third,the developed framework is validated through planning infrastructural facilities of an institutional campus on a site located in hill areas.The major strength of the developed framework includes three cycles,namely,understand,process,and implement.Site planning decisions are taken through the generation of alternate scenarios and their subsequent evaluation on the basis of impact on the sensitive ecosystem of hill areas.
摘要：This study offers a multifaceted perspective on the history and theory of North American urban development.It extends a framework that deconstructs the complex urban evolution process into the three stages of assembly,disassembly,and reassembly.Urban development is explained through planning,architectural and critical theoretical perspectives.This study examines the inextricable links among land use regulations,public policies,transportation,urban economics,and communication technologies and underlines their impacts on shaping suburbia and downtown redevelopments.It argues that today’s revived traditional cores and medium-to-high-density mixed use developments are not mere incarnations of historic urban models.Despite responding to certain real-market demands for livable and vibrant urban environments,these quasi-traditional developments are driven by globalization forces and facilitated by cutting-edge technological advancements.Using combined evidence from theoretical investigations and interviews with experienced professionals,this research demonstrates the complexity and multidimensionality of urban development processes that require in-depth understanding of current global socioeconomic and technological transformations.
摘要：Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:Eexample:Original research papers,reviews,case study.Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.
摘要：LOCATION:Dingshu,Yixing,Jiangsu Province,China DESIGN FIRM:Atelier XUK,Architects&Engineers Co.,Ltd.of Southeast University ARCHITECT:Xu ZHANG,Kenan LIU DESIGNER:Wenliang SUN,Chao XI,Qing ZHANG,Yifei XU,Yongwei BIAN n the early years,large-scale lim estone mining left a nagnificent landscape in Qinglongshan Park.
摘要：Most of the pretending innovative modern housing projects show a common element that can be perceived when looking at the cross-section,evidencing the use of alternate corridors,which was recognized as a projective technique under Wells Coates expression"Planning in Section".Contrasting virtues concerning the resulting space were observed at different historical moments.The late 19th Century used it to create privacy.The modern architecture used it to increase efficiency,where flexibility was included.However,during the’60s,the alternative corridor technique started to be used to attend social issues,popularizing the split-level term,and echoing 19th Century privacy interests.Keywords like Smithson’s"doorstep"and Candilis"semi-duplex"section reveal their approaches.Well-differentiated areas(public/intimate/col-lective)and socially controlled areas were obtained in domestic interiors with a few steps,creating singular spaces where children can play while being monitored by adults.Semi-duplex geometry showed new adaptability to different profiles:a small kitchenless apartment for a bachelor could be inserted aside from a larger two-level family apartment.This paper shows an overview of this projective technique by contrasting different housing projects.Since similar split-level geometries seem to have been coming back recently,questions about it are necessary.
摘要：Purpose:This paper reviews an area of interdisciplinary collaboration in the design of healthcare facilities that attempts to optimize hospital space-planning using automated statistical techniques from the discipline of Operations Research(OR).This review articulates Facility Layout Problems(FLPs)as a general class of OR problems.Furthermore,the review highlights limitations of these techniques,which necessitate an ethical and participatory engagement with computerized processes of healthcare architecture.Design/methodology/approach:An in-depth critical review was carried out,which revealed a number of common themes,collectively theorized as metamodeling processes,or models of models,through which various FLP modelling techniques can be challenged and debated in terms of their architectural viability,and ethical ramifications.Findinss:This review provides a methodological basis for the further evaluation of computational models.It was found that most of the reviewed studies are functionally focused on flow efficiency and,in general,do not consider broader contextual,relational,social,or salutogenic design values.Orisinality/value:This review is the first on the subject written from an architectural perspective.It can be used by a broad range of readers as its critical review of past and present hospital layout modelling techniques discusses their capabilities and limitations.As such,it also enables them to consider ethical values while critiquing the epistemology of computational processes hidden beneath algorithmic outputs.
摘要：Robotic surgery is one of the most recent technologies in healthcare building field.Due to the design complexity of Robotic surgery wards,computational implementations are being developed to either measure the effect of inserting advanced technologies as Electronic medical recorders and tele surgery,or evaluate design alternatives on healthcare building.This paper presents a design framework that responds to the need for coordinating design phases for Robotic Surgery Wards(RSWs)computationally.This proposed design framework for RSWs can generate functional RSW alternatives and more than one solution for each alternative.The framework has been structured based on the main architectural considerations of RSWs which are geom etric and topological,the economic considerations,specific developed pools for shape and corridor patterns,and the theory of,fShape Grammars"has been utilized to compute the framework to generate a vast number of design alternatives.Accordingly,a computational implementation has been established to assist designers in early design stages.Numerical validation for the applications of the developed framework and implementation has been conducted by using reference examples of RSWs.The main finding in this paper is providing healthcare building designers with a computational implementation that generates RSW alternative computationally based on specific shape and cost levels.
摘要：As a great engineering work for the purpose of military defense in the time of Cold Weapon,the Great Wall’s military function is of the most importance.This study takes the Xiaohekou section of the Great Wall in Mount.Zhuizi constructed in the Ming Dynasty in Liaoning Province as the research object.In addition,this study discusses the relationship between the terrain and its site selection and layout from the military perspective.This research analyzes the trend and the grade of the terrain,the distance,the view range,and the effective firing range between the main body and the subsidiary establishments through GIS software.The GPS data collected in the on-site investigation were used,applying the theories of military geomorphology.Furthermore,this study concludes the characteristics of the site selection and the layouts of the city walls,the hollow watchtowers,the M a ria n s,and the signal towers on different terrains and the reasons behind.
摘要：In 1913,a so-called Moon Bridge was built in the Japanese garden of the Huntington Library in San Marino,California,USA as a fruit of the Japonism in the Western world at that time.The master carpenter was Toichiro Kawai,a Japanese immigrant from Yokohama who was originally a ship carpenter.The bridge is made of wood and shaped in the exaggerated arch form,which classifies the bridge as a"drum bridge"(Taiko-bashi)in Japanese culture.However,the unique structural form of this bridge,the"woven arch",is rare in building history.This paper aims to explore why and how such a bridge appeared in such a place and time.For this purpose,we go from the historical background to its construction history,from the concept of the designer to the detailed design methods.Data come partly from the author’s first-hand investigation and the limited local archive.The most interesting discoveries were made during the detailed on-site investigation,including the fact that the bridge is designed to express the metaphor of"perfection"(full moon)through its geometrical features,and the design is based according to traditional Japanese methods.
摘要：This paper presents the results and analysis from an interview study conducted with practitioners of architectural regionalism in India.The interviews sought to gain indepth understanding of the strategies,mechanisms,and tools they employ to realize contextualized architecture that responds to local needs and potential.A sample composed of nine eminent Indian architects who regularly integrate the ideas of critical regionalism in their designs is selected and subsequently interviewed with regard to the varied aspects of their architectural practice.Findings are useful for practitioners and scholars of contemporary architecture in India for understanding the means employed by leading regionalist architects,while placing their work in the context of local building traditions,urban landscape,sociocultural conditions,technology,and climate.
摘要：Informal face-to-face communication and chance encounters encourage knowledge sharing.This Post-Occupancy Evaluation(POE)examines how well a new building of a Dutch University Institute(Dl)supported interaction and perceived privacy among faculty members.The study is designed as a qualitative research project with in-depth interviews among faculty members before and after relocation into the new building.The transparent and centrally organized floor plan supported face-to-face communication but generated a lack of privacy for faculty members.Not all perceived affordances of the design were planned.Lack of visual privacy and the sense of being controlled by others were related to the hierarchical position of teachers in this Higher Education Institute(HEI)between students and the dean,which caused tension and diminished their well-being.
摘要：Village groups are a common phenomenon in Huizhou Region,a historical region in eastern China where shared inter-village spaces play important roles in linking villages.This study analyzes the spatial layouts and characteristics of the inter-village space in the Hongguan village group in Wuyuan County,Jiangxi Province.A comprehensive literature review and the results of field research,qualitative analysis,and quantitative analysis prove that the regional spatial structure is maintained among inter-village space,landmarks,villagers,and villages within the village group.Through a summarized analysis of nine research slices,this study complements previous Huizhou Village studies.It provides valuable information for the preservation of traditional villages and reveals the hidden rules,potential order,and social meaning of inter-village spaces.
摘要：The aim of transit-oriented development(TOD)is to create a livable urban environment by improving the integration between land-use and transportation systems.The capital city of Ethiopia,Addis Ababa,aims to promote a sustainable transportation system by launching its first light rail transit(LRT)network to control the current pattern of increased congestion and the need for mass transport.Planning for TOD around existing transit stations helps achieve improved transit choice and encourages local economic development.Therefore,this article proposes a methodology to quantitatively measure the existing TOD in terms of a TOD index within the walkable distance of transit nodes by measuring the criteria that define TOD levels.The TOD index is calculated for areas of 22 stations on the East-West LRT line of Addis Ababa.Depending on the value of the TOD index,certain stations are identified to have a potential TOD but poor transit accessibility.With these results,the recommendation to improve TOD planning can become accurate for each station,depending on its relevant factors.Such results also help identify each station’s potential for TOD planning and its improvements toward future local developments.
摘要：The present study examined the importance and performance of streetscapes at a tourism destination in Makassar,Indonesia,from the residents’perspectives using the importance-performance analysis method.Thus,six attributes of the streetscapes in four segments of the old city district were identified and presented to 400 participants.The participants were then asked to rate the perception and preference of each attribute.Results of the attribute values were illustrated in a Cartesian diagram.Findings indicate notable discrepancies between the perceptions and preferences of the respondents.Thus,these attributes were inconsistent with their expectations.Moreover,the results showed that each segment should have different priorities for specific attributes to improve the performance of the streetscapes.Overall,such data can be used by stakeholders,such as tourism developers and government policymakers,to make appropriate and informed decisions that will improve the attractiveness of this tourism destination and increase the number of visitors.
摘要：Climate change and rising sea levels present immediate threats to humanity.However,the global catastrophe fails to generate sufficient action.Subject to total submergence within 80 years,this study undertakes an iterative design process seeking sustainable adaptation strategies for the coastal island nation of the Maldives,specifically,Male,its capital,which exists under a"state of alert"by order of government.Research methods include literature reviews,site analysis,mapping,and iterative design processes to develop an implementation framework strategy.Infrastructure concepts are presented as speculative images with context-specific spatial relationships and functions.Concepts do not intend to represent a conclusive prototype,rather,an ideation-a solution-based discourse among key audiences highlighting the need to act decisively and adaptively.
摘要：Scholars have criticized the capacity of playgrounds to support children’s participation in public life.Fences of childhood,such as walls,fences,and enclosures,dominate children’s"public”spatial experiences in the global north.Challenging well-established critiques of the fenced playground as a space that segregates and controls childhood experiences,this study offers a novel and nuanced perspective,emphasizing the qualities of the playground fence that support play and playful connections,on,through,and around it.Employing an ethnographic methodology,this study includes 167h of observations in three typical urban public playgrounds in Greece and 65 semi-structured interviews with 124 participants.Drawing on recursive thematic qualitative analysis,the fence emerges as a blurred boundary,that is,an element that transgresses assumptions and questions spatial classifications and hierarchies.Rarely the subject of design discourse,these findings are particularly significant in design disciplines globally and offer new understandings on the possibilities afforded by the playground fence.Emergent themes,namely,indeterminacy,climbabilty,playability,and porosity,are proposed as principles to guide fenced playground design as part of a fundamental reconceptualization.This reconceptualization positions the fenced playground as a public space infrastructure,supporting intergenerational interaction and play as well as children’s presence and play in the public realm.
摘要：The grassroots can become an online influencer with the help of social media.Similarly,an online influencer mode is applicable in the architecture field.This study introduces the term"influential online architecture"(IOA)and aims to understand the cause and promotion of the IOA phenomenon and its impact on architecture.This research also introduces Bour-dieu’s four forms of capital,namely,economic,cultural,social,and symbolic capitals,as a framework to argue that IOA is promoted by capitals through visual spectacles,class divisions,national identity,and social recognition.The methodology of this research uses case studies and logical argumentation through presentation and analysis of photos,statistical data,and comments from journals,books,news,and social platforms.The current study concludes that the online influencer mode in architecture should be concerned because the overemphasis on capitals through the production of IOA may erode the design field.This research argues that a well-established architecture criticism and post-occupancy evaluation system and a rational online influencer mode would contribute to the development of the design domain.
摘要：The energy consumption of the construction sector and its overall environmental impact has greater potential for improvement than those of many other sectors.Most energy consumed throughout the lifecycle of a building is expended during its operation and maintenance,for which the building envelope plays an important role.This study reports on the design,construction,and thermal performance evaluation of a ventilated facade.The facade should be quickly assembled,disassembled,and stored in containers for easy onward transport.Such features comply with the Rules and Buildins Code of the Solar Decathlon Middle East 2018 and the relevant Eurocodes.The facade is constructed using bio-based materials in keeping with the principles of a circular economy.The exterior cladding consists of sanitary paper,grass,reeds,recycled textiles,drinking water treatment waste,bio-based polyester resin,and other materials.Temperature and the air velocity measurements recorded on the facade in Dubai showed that the facade had contributed to cool temperatures within the apartment,particularly during the hottest hours of the day.The facade is a promising option for climates with hot summers and mild winters as it contributes to reducing energy consumption and the environmental impact of building materials.
摘要：Prohibitive equipment cost and certain export regulations are the major obstacles to the widespread adoption of infrared(IR)thermography when evaluating building envelopes.In this work,we propose the use of an affordable and easily available camera as a first step of making the technology accessible.Combined with image post-processing,we hypothesize that a low-cost,low-resolution,and consumer-grade device can provide an economic alternative for the periodic evaluation of building envelopes.Following a market survey,the Seek Thermal Compact(STC)was chosen for evaluation.The STC was able to accurately measure the temperature of surfaces and distinguish small thermal anomalies(3 mm in diameter),and the IR images can be post-processed to reasonably estimate the anomaly areas.The STC was particularly effective when images were taken within 1.75 m from the surface.The 1.75 m distance did not pose a challenge in this study,as the goal was to mount the selected IR camera on an unmanned aerial vehicle for the surveys.The small size and weight of the STC were also useful.The results from the analysis of the capability of the STC and the image post-processing techniques may help form the basis of future investigations aiming at lowering the cost of building thermographic surveys.
摘要：Introduction Types of paper Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication:[example:Original research papers,reviews,case study].Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission.Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.Before You Begin Ethics in Publishing For information on Ethics in Publishing and Ethical guidelines for journal publication see http://www.elsevier.com/publishingethics and http://www.elsevier.com/ethicalguidelines.
