摘要:The emergence and popularity of blockchain,distributed ledger technology distributed computing,and network security and trust techniques are significantly changing the operation and management of computing and communication systems,as these techniques have the potential to disrupt any domain involving coordination among autonomous resources without trusted third parties.These techniques and their applications include finance and payments(e.g.,Facebook Libra),but also networks(e.g.,power grids or telecom networks),computing(e.g.,brokering of edge resources),Internet of Things(e.g.,supply chain or industry 4.0),and service platforms(e.g.,identity management).The market capitalization,investor appetite,and institutional coverage for cryptocurrency(as well as bitcoin and blockchain)have all jumped exponentially.The total market capitalization of the cryptocurrency market has significantly increased in the past three years.The applications of blockchain exhibit a variety of complicated problems and new requirements,which brings more open issues and challenges for artificial intelligence(AI)and related research.