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首页> 外文期刊>Physics of atomic nuclei >Spallation reactions in shock waves at supernova explosions and related problems
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Spallation reactions in shock waves at supernova explosions and related problems

机译：超新星爆炸冲击波中的散裂反应及相关问题

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摘要

The isotopic anomalies of some extinct radionuclides testify to the outburst of a nearby supernova just before the collapse of the protosolar nebula, and to the fact that the supernova was Sn Ia, i.e. the carbon-detonation supernova. A key role of spallation reactions in the formation of isotopic anomalies in the primordial matter of the Solar System is revealed. It is conditioned by the diffusive acceleration of particles in the explosive shock waves, which leads to the amplification of rigidity of the energy spectrum of particles and its enrichment with heavier ions. The quantitative calculations of such isotopic anomalies of many elements are presented. It is well-grounded that the anomalous Xe-HL in meteoritic nanodiamonds was formed simultaneously with nanodiamonds themselves during the shock wave propagation at the Sn Ia explosion. The possible effects of shock wave fractionation of noble gases in the atmosphere of planets are considered. The origin of light elements Li, Be and B in spallation reactions, predicted by Fowler in the middle of the last century, is argued. All the investigated isotopic anomalies give the evidence for the extremely high magneto- hydrodynamics (MHD) conditions at the initial stage of free expansion of the explosive shock wave from Sn Ia, which can be essential in solution of the problem of origin of cosmic rays. The specific iron-enriched matter of Sn Ia and its MHD-separation in turbulent processes must be taking into account in the models of origin of the Solar System.
机译：某些已灭绝的放射性核素的同位素异常证明了在原太阳能星云崩溃之前附近超新星的爆发，以及超新星是Sn Ia（即碳爆轰超新星）的事实。揭示了散裂反应在太阳系原始物质中同位素异常形成中的关键作用。它受爆炸冲击波中粒子扩散加速的制约，这会导致粒子能谱的刚度增大并被重离子富集。介绍了许多元素的同位素异常的定量计算。众所周知，在Sn Ia爆炸的冲击波传播过程中，陨石纳米金刚石中的异常Xe-HL与纳米金刚石本身同时形成。考虑了行星大气中稀有气体的冲击波分馏的可能影响。 Fowler在上个世纪中叶预测，在分裂反应中轻元素Li，Be和B的起源。所有研究的同位素异常都为来自锡Ia爆炸冲击波自由扩展初期的极高磁流体动力学（MHD）条件提供了证据，这对于解决宇宙射线起源问题可能是必不可少的。在太阳系起源模型中必须考虑到Sn Ia的特定富铁物质及其在湍流过程中的MHD分离。

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