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首页> 外文期刊>Physiology & behavior >Extended cocaine-seeking produces a shift from goal-directed to habitual responding in rats
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Extended cocaine-seeking produces a shift from goal-directed to habitual responding in rats

机译：延长可卡因的寻找使大鼠从目标导向转变为习惯性反应

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Cocaine addiction is often characterized by a rigid pattern of behavior in which cocaine users continue seeking and taking drug despite negative consequences associated with its use. As such, full acquisition and relapse of drug-seeking behavior may be attributed to a shift away from goal-directed responding and a shift towards the maladaptive formation of rigid and habit-like responses. This rigid nature of habitual responding can be developed with extended training and is typically characterized by insensitivity to changes in outcome value. The present study determined whether cocaine (primary reinforcer) and cocaine associated cues (secondary reinforcer) could be devalued in rats with different histories of cocaine self-administration. Specifically, rats were trained on two schedules of cocaine self-administration (long-access vs. short-access). Following training the cocaine reinforcer was devalued through three separate pairings of lithium chloride with cocaine infusions. Cocaine history did not have an impact on devaluation of cocaine-associated cues. However, the reinforcing properties of cocaine were devalued only in rats on a short-access cocaine schedule but not those trained on a long-access schedule. Taken together this pattern of findings suggests that, in short access rats, devaluation is specific to the primary reinforcer and not associative stimuli such as cues. Importantly, rats that received extended training during self-administration displayed insensitivity to outcome devaluation of the primary reinforcer as well as all associative stimuli, thus displaying rigid behavioral responding similar to behavioral patterns found in addiction. Alternatively, long access cocaine exposure may have altered the devaluation threshold. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
机译：可卡因成瘾的特征通常是行为刻板，尽管可卡因的使用会带来负面后果，但可卡因使用者仍在继续寻找和服药。这样，药物寻求行为的完全获得和复发可以归因于从目标导向反应的转变和向僵化和习惯样反应的不良适应形成的转变。这种习惯性反应的僵化性质可以通过扩展培训来发展，并且通常以对结果值的变化不敏感为特征。本研究确定了可卡因自我管理史不同的大鼠中可卡因（主要增强剂）和可卡因相关提示（次要增强剂）是否可以贬值。具体而言，按照可卡因自我给药的两种时间表（长时间接触与短期接触）对大鼠进行了训练。训练后，可卡因增强剂通过三对单独的氯化锂和可卡因输注液贬值。可卡因历史对可卡因相关线索的贬值没有影响。但是，可卡因的增强特性仅在短期使用可卡因的大鼠中降低，而在长期使用可卡因的大鼠中则没有。综上所述，这种发现模式表明，在短距离访问的大鼠中，贬值仅针对主要的强化者，而不是诸如线索之类的联想刺激。重要的是，在自我给药过程中接受长时间训练的大鼠对初级强化药物以及所有相关刺激的结果贬值不敏感，因此表现出类似于成瘾行为模式的僵化行为反应。或者，长期接触可卡因可能已改变了贬值阈值。 （C）2016 Elsevier Inc.保留所有权利。

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