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Techniques patents for SNP genotyping.

机译：SNP基因分型的技术专利。

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摘要

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most abundant form of genetic variation in the human genome, accounting for more than 90% of all differences between individuals. Many complex phenotypes in humans have a significant genetic component and most of the variability is therefore likely to stem from differences in patterns of SNPs. Association studies involving the large-scale analysis of SNPs can help to identify genes affecting many human phenotype variations, including complex diseases and drug responses. SNPs therefore play a major role in all stages of the drug development process, from target identification through to clinical trials. SNPs are also the basis of pharmacogenomics, the tailoring of medicines to suit an individual's genome. Given the potential impact of SNPs on healthcare, the biotechnology industry has focussed urgently on the development of high-throughput methods for SNP genotyping. All genotyping methods are a mix and match of different allele discrimination and signal detection technologies and as such may represent the intellectual property of several individuals or organizations. In this review, we explore the patent issues surrounding SNP genotyping and how this is influencing large scale, commercially valuable projects involving SNPs.
机译：单核苷酸多态性（SNP）是人类基因组中遗传变异的最丰富形式，占个体间所有差异的90％以上。人类中许多复杂的表型具有重要的遗传成分，因此大多数变异性可能源于SNP模式的差异。涉及SNP大规模分析的关联研究可以帮助识别影响许多人类表型变异的基因，包括复杂的疾病和药物反应。因此，从目标识别到临床试验，SNP在药物开发过程的所有阶段均扮演着重要角色。 SNP也是药物基因组学的基础，药物基因组学是适合个体基因组的药物。鉴于SNP对医疗保健的潜在影响，生物技术行业已紧急关注开发SNP基因分型的高通量方法。所有基因分型方法都是不同等位基因鉴别和信号检测技术的混合与匹配，因此可能代表多个个人或组织的知识产权。在本文中，我们探讨了围绕SNP基因分型的专利问题，以及这如何影响涉及SNP的大规模，具有商业价值的项目。

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