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Silicon has opposite effects on the accumulation of inorganic and methylated arsenic species in rice

机译：硅对水稻中无机和甲基化砷物种的积累具有相反的影响

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摘要

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a main source of human exposure to inorganic arsenic and mitigation measures are needed to decrease As accumulation in this staple crop. It has been shown that silicon decreases the accumulation of arsenite but, unexpectedly, increases the accumulation of dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) in rice grain. The aim of this study was to investigate why Si increases DMA accumulation. Pot and incubation experiments were conducted to investigate how the addition of sparingly soluble silicate gel affected As speciation in the soil solution and the accumulation of different As species in rice tissues. Silicon addition significantly decreased the concentration of inorganic As (mainly arsenite) but increased the concentration of DMA in both the vegetative and reproductive tissues of rice. Silicon increased the concentration of DMA in the soil solution, whereas autoclaving soil decreased DMA concentration. Less DMA was adsorbed by the soil than arsenate and Si addition significantly inhibited DMA adsorption. Silicon increased DMA accumulation and decreased arsenite accumulation in rice through different mechanisms. Silicic acid released from the silicate gel increased the availability of DMA for rice uptake by inhibiting DMA adsorption on the soil solid phase or by displacing adsorbed DMA. Although silicic acid also increased the concentration of inorganic As in the soil solution, this effect was much smaller than the inhibitory effect of Si on arsenite uptake by rice roots.
机译：稻米（Oryza sativa）是人类接触无机砷的主要来源，因此需要采取缓解措施来减少这种主粮中砷的积累。已经表明，硅减少了稻米中砷的积累，但出乎意料的是，增加了稻谷中二甲基砷酸（DMA）的积累。这项研究的目的是调查Si为什么增加DMA积累。进行盆栽和温育实验，以研究难溶硅酸盐凝胶的添加如何影响土壤溶液中的砷形态以及水稻组织中不同砷物种的积累。硅的添加显着降低了水稻营养和生殖组织中无机砷（主要是亚砷酸盐）的浓度，但增加了DMA的浓度。硅提高了土壤溶液中DMA的浓度，而高压灭菌的土壤降低了DMA的浓度。与砷酸盐相比，土壤吸附的DMA更少，添加Si明显抑制了DMA的吸附。硅通过不同的机制增加了水稻中的DMA积累，并减少了砷的积累。通过抑制土壤固相上的DMA吸附或置换吸附的DMA，从硅酸盐凝胶中释放出的硅酸增加了DMA用于水稻吸收的利用率。尽管硅酸还增加了土壤溶液中无机砷的浓度，但这种作用远小于硅对水稻根部吸收砷的抑制作用。

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