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Crop rotation and nitrogen effects on maize susceptibility to gibberella(Fusarium graminearum) ear rot

机译：轮作和氮素对玉米对赤霉病穗腐病的敏感性

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An experiment was established in 1992 in eastern Ontario, Canada to determine the effects of crop rotation (continuous maize, soybean-maize and alfalfa-maize) and nitrogen (N) amendment [0, 100 and 200 kg N ha(-1) of fertilizer (NH4NO3), and 50 and 100 Mg ha(-1) (wet wt.) each of stockpiled and rotted dairy manure] on maize production and soil properties. From 1997 to 1999, an additional study was added to the experiment to investigate treatment effects on the susceptibility of maize hybrids to gibberella ear rot. A moderately resistant and a susceptible hybrid were planted in each plot and inoculated with a macroconidial suspension of Fusarium graminearum by both the silk channel injection and the kernel-wound techniques. At harvest, ears were rated for the severity of disease symptoms and harvested kernels were analyzed for the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). The greatest number of significant N effects were found in the continuous maize treatments and with the susceptible hybrid. Most N amendments decreased both disease severity and DON accumulation in the susceptible hybrid. The most consistent effect was a decrease in disease severity with 100 kg N ha(-1) fertilizer and an increase in disease severity with the higher rate of 200 kg N ha(-1). This study is the first to report on the effects of soil N amendments on gibberella ear rot susceptibility.
机译：1992年在加拿大安大略省东部建立了一个试验，以确定轮作的影响（连续玉米，大豆玉米和苜蓿玉米）和氮（N）修正[0、100和200 kg N ha（-1）的影响。肥料（NH4NO3）以及分别储存和腐烂的乳肥料中分别含50和100 Mg ha（-1）（湿重）的玉米产量和土壤特性。从1997年到1999年，该实验增加了另一项研究，以研究处理对玉米杂交种对赤霉素耳腐病敏感性的影响。在每个样地中种植中等抗性和易感杂种，并通过丝通道注射和仁缠绕技术接种禾本科镰孢镰刀菌的大分生孢子悬浮液。在收获时，对耳朵评估疾病症状的严重程度，并分析收获的谷粒中的霉菌毒素脱氧雪腐酚（DON）。在连续玉米处理和易感杂种中发现最大数量的显着氮效应。在易感杂种中，大多数N修正都降低了疾病的严重程度和DON的积累。最一致的效果是使用100 kg N ha（-1）的肥料可降低疾病的严重程度，而使用200 kg N ha（-1）的较高的比例可以增加疾病的严重程度。这项研究是第一个报道土壤氮改良剂对赤霉素耳腐病敏感性影响的报告。

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