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Rhizoreduction of arsenate and chromate in Australian native grass, shrub and tree vegetation

机译：澳大利亚本地草，灌木和树木植被中砷和铬酸盐的根还原

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Rhizosphere influences the dynamics of nutrients and contaminants through increased microbial activity, release of root exudates and alteration of pH. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rhizosphere-induced reduction (i.e. rhizoreduction) and redistribution of arsenate [As(V)] and chromate [Cr(VI)] in Australian native vegetation in relation to their bioavailability. The reduction of As(V) and Cr(VI) was examined using rhizosphere soils from a number of Australian native vegetation (Acacia pubescens, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Enchylaena tomentosa, Templetonia retusa, Dichantheum sericeum and Austrodanthonia richardsonii). Naturally contaminated As and Cr soils were used to examine the effect of Dichantheum sericeum on the redistribution and bioavailability of these metal(loid)s. The rhizosphere soil contained higher levels of microbial activity, dissolved organic carbon and organic acid content than the non-rhizosphere soil. The rhizosphere soil caused up to 2.4 and 5.1 fold increases in the rate of reduction of As(V) and Cr(VI), respectively. There was a significant relationship between rhizosphere-induced increases in microbial activity (Delta basal respiration) and As(V) and Cr(VI) reduction (Delta rate of reduction), indicating the role of increased microbial activity in rhizosphere soil on metal(loid) reduction. In the plant growth experiment, Dichantheum sericeum enhanced the reduction of metal(loid)s in the naturally contaminated soils, thereby increasing the bioavailability of As but decreasing that of Cr. Depending on the nature of metal(loid)s present in soil, the rhizosphere-induced reduction by plant species such as Dichantheum sericeum and Templetonia retusa has implications to both their bioavailability to higher plants and microorganisms, and remediation of contaminated soils. While rhizoreduction decreases Cr bioavailability it increases that of As.
机译：根际通过增加微生物活性，释放根系分泌物和改变pH值来影响养分和污染物的动力学。这项研究的目的是评估根际诱导的砷含量[As（V）]和铬酸盐[Cr（VI）]在澳大利亚本土植被中的还原（即根际还原）和再分布及其生物利用度。用根际土壤从澳大利亚许多原生植被（毛豆相思树，桉树，桉树，毛白杨，雷公藤，杜鹃花草和罗汉松）中的根际土壤中的砷（Ⅴ）和铬（Ⅵ）的还原进行了研究。天然污染的砷和铬土壤被用来研究重金属铁皮对这些金属（金属）的再分布和生物利用度的影响。与非根际土壤相比，根际土壤具有更高水平的微生物活性，溶解的有机碳和有机酸含量。根际土壤引起的As（V）和Cr（VI）的减少率分别增加了2.4倍和5.1倍。根际诱导的微生物活性增加（Delta基础呼吸）与As（V）和Cr（VI）减少（Delta减少率）之间存在显着的关系，表明微生物活性增加在根际土壤中对金属（胶体）的作用）减少。在植物生长实验中，丝状铁皮提高了自然污染土壤中金属（金属）的减少，从而提高了砷的生物利用率，但降低了铬的生物利用率。根据土壤中金属（金属）的性质，根际诱导的植物物种（如Dichantheum sericeum和Templetonia retusa）的还原对其高等植物和微生物的生物利用度以及受污染土壤的修复均具有影响。根茎还原会降低Cr的生物利用度，但会增加As的生物利用度。

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