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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >Water, nutrients and slope position in on-farm pearl millet cultivation in the Sahel.
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Water, nutrients and slope position in on-farm pearl millet cultivation in the Sahel.

机译：萨赫勒地区珍珠小米养殖中的水，养分和斜坡位置。

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摘要

The interactive effects of nutrient deficiency and water shortage during panicle initiation, flowering and grain filling on yield and yield components of Pennisetum glaucum were studied on-farm along a cultivated slope in the Samadey watershed, Niger, during three years (1994-96) with close to average annual rainfall. Grain yield was correlated with plant nutrient availability but not to annual rainfall, which was explained by the capacity of the crop to compensate for damage caused by water shortage during early growth phases. The performance of each yield component was positively correlated with cumulative rainfall during the growth phase when it was formed. Leaf area index was very low, and leaf development followed rainfall distribution. Waterand nutrients interacted during each growth phase for all fertility levels. Plants given cattle manure or mineral N fertilizer suffered less during water shortage at panicle initiation and at grain filling compared with those given no fertilizer. However, compared with favourable soil water conditions, yield components were systematically lower for all treatments, indicating the synergistic effect of water and nutrients. The results suggest that water availability plays an exclusive role during flowering. Grain number dropped significantly due to water shortage and was similar for all treatments. Despite extremely high spatial variability in yields (varying with a factor 46 within the field), a significant slope effect was observed, of progressively increasing yields when moving downslope. Spatial redistribution of surface runoff, resulting in higher soil water availability on lower slope positions, contributed to the yield gradient, which was reinforced for plants given fertilizer. For each droughtperiod, yield components suffered systematically more upslope than downslope. This slope effect was smoothed out for manured plants, which indicates that manure increased soil infiltration on crusted zones upslope. The observed slope interaction suggeststhat farmers can benefit relatively more from fertilizers applied in lower parts of the watershed.
机译：在三年（1994-96年）期间，在尼日尔萨玛迪流域的耕地上，研究了穗开始，开花和灌浆过程中养分缺乏和水分缺乏对青草狼尾草产量和产量组成的交互影响。接近年平均降雨量。谷物产量与植物养分的可利用性相关，但与年降雨量无关，这可以通过作物补偿早期生长阶段缺水造成的损害的能力来解释。每个产量构成部分的表现与生长期形成期间的累积降雨成正相关。叶面积指数很低，叶片发育随降雨分布。在所有生育水平下，水和养分在每个生长期相互作用。与未施肥的植物相比，在施用穗肥和籽粒灌水期间，施用牛粪或氮肥的植物遭受的水分较少。但是，与有利的土壤水分条件相比，所有处理的产量成分均较低，表明水和养分的协同作用。结果表明，水的可用性在开花过程中起着排他性的作用。由于缺水，谷物数量显着下降，所有处理方法均相似。尽管单产的空间变异性极高（在田间因系数46而异），但观察到了显着的边坡效应，当下坡时单产逐渐增加。地表径流的空间重新分布，导致在较低坡度位置上土壤水的利用率更高，导致了产量梯度的增加，这对于施肥的植物得到了加强。对于每个干旱时期，产量组成部分遭受的系统性上坡均大于下坡。对于施肥的植物，这种斜坡效应被消除了，这表明肥料在结cru区域上坡的土壤渗透增加。观察到的坡度相互作用表明，农民可以从流域下部施用化肥相对受益。

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