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Growth response to subsurface soil acidity of wheat genotypes differing inaluminium tolerance

机译：不同铝耐性基因型对地下土壤酸度的生长响应

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Subsurface soil acidity coupled with high levels of toxic Al is a major limiting factor in wheat production in many areas of the world. This study examined the effect of subsurface soil acidity on the growth and yield of two near-isogenic wheat genotypes differing in Al tolerance at a single genetic locus in reconstructed soil columns. In one experiment, plants were grown in columns with limed topsoil and limed or acidic subsurface soils, and received water only to the subsurface soil at a late part of the growth period. While shoot dry weight, ear number and grain yield of Al-tolerant genotype (ET8) were not affected by subsurface soil acidity, liming subsurface soil increased shoot weight and grain yield of Al-sensitive genotype (ES8) by 60% and ear number by 32%. Similarly, root length density of ET8 was the same in the limed and acidic subsurface soils, while the root length density of ES8 in the acidic subsurface soil was only half of that in the limed subsurface soil. In another experiment, plants were grown with limed topsoil and acidic subsurface soil under two watering regimes. Both genotypes supplied with water throughout the soil column produced almost twice the dry weight of those receiving water only in the subsurface soil. The tolerant genotype ET8 had shoot biomass and grain yield one-third higher than ES8 when supplied with water throughout the whole column, and had yield 11% higher when receiving water in the subsurface soil only. The tolerant genotype ET8 produced more than five times the root length in the acidic subsurface soil compared to ES8. Irrespective of watering regime, the amount of water added to maintain field capacity of the soil was up to 2-fold higher under ET8 than under ES8. The results suggest that the genotypic variation in growth and yield of wheat grown with subsurface soil acidity results from the difference in root proliferation in the subsurface soil and hence in utilizing nutrient and water reserves in the subsurface soil layer.
机译：在世界许多地区，地下土壤的酸度以及高含量的有毒铝是限制小麦产量的主要限制因素。这项研究检查了地下土壤酸性对重建土壤柱中单个遗传位点上两个不同耐Al基因型的近等基因小麦基因型生长和产量的影响。在一个实验中，将植物种植在含有石灰表土和石灰或酸性地下土壤的柱子中，并在生育后期将水分仅注入地下土壤。耐铝基因型（ET8）的茎干重，穗数和籽粒产量不受地下土壤酸度的影响，而石灰亚表层土壤使铝敏感基因型（ES8）的芽重和籽粒产量增加60％，而穗数32％。同样，在石灰和酸性地下土壤中，ET8的根长密度相同，而在酸性地下土壤中，ES8的根长密度仅为石灰地下土壤的一半。在另一个实验中，在两种灌溉方式下，用石灰表土和酸性地下土壤培育植物。在整个土壤柱中都供水的两种基因型产生的干重几乎是仅在地下土壤中接受水的干重的两倍。耐性基因型ET8在整个柱子中都供水时，其茎生物量和谷物产量比ES8高三分之一，而仅在地下土壤中接受水时，其产量则高出11％。与ES8相比，耐性基因型ET8在酸性地下土壤中产生的根长超过根长的五倍。不论浇水方式如何，维持土壤田间持水量所添加的水量在ET8下均比ES8高2倍。结果表明，随着地下土壤酸度的增长，小麦生长和产量的基因型变化是由于地下土壤根系增殖的差异所致，因此是由于利用了地下土壤层中的养分和水分储备。

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