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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >Fate of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to spring barley grown on soils of contrasting nutrient status.
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Fate of 15N-labelled fertilizer applied to spring barley grown on soils of contrasting nutrient status.

机译：在营养状况相反的土壤上种植的春季大麦施用15N标记肥料的命运。

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An experiment with 15N-labelled fertilizer was superimposed on the Hoosfield Spring Barley Experiment, started in 1852, at Rothamsted, UK. In 1986-87, 15NH4 15NO3 was applied in spring to barley cv. Triumph at rates of 0, 48, 96 or 144 kg N ha-1. The labelled fertilizer was applied to microplots located within four treatments of the original experiment: that receiving farmyard manure (FYM) annually, that receiving inorganic nutrients (PK) annually, and two that were deficient in nutrients. Highestyields in 1986 (7.1 t grain ha-1) were a little greater than in 1987. In 1987, microplots in the FYM and PK treatments gave similar yields, provided enough fertilizer N was applied, but in 1986 yields in the PK treatment were always less than those in the FYM treatment, no matter how much fertilizer N was applied. In plots with adequate crop nutrients, about 51% of the labelled N was present in above-ground crop and weeds at harvest, about 30% remained in the top 70 cm of soil (mostly in the 0-23 cm layer) and about 19% was unaccounted for, all irrespective of the rate of N application and of the quantity of inorganic N in the soil at the time of application. Less than 4% of the added fertilizer N was present in inorganic form in the soil at harvest, confirming results from comparable experiments with autumn-sown cereals in SE England. These results show no evidence that a spring-sown cereal is more likely to leave unused fertilizer in the soil than an autumn-sown one. With trace applications (about 2kg N ha-1) more labelled N was retained in the soil and less was found in the above-ground crop. Where P and K were deficient, yields were depressed, a smaller proportion of the labelled fertilizer N was present in the above-ground crop at harvest and more remained in the soil. Although the percentage uptake of labelled N was similar across the range of fertilizer N applications, the uptake of total N decreased at the higher N rates, particularly in the FYM treatment. This was reflected in the appearance of a negative Added Nitrogen Interaction at the highest rate of application. Fertilizer N blocked the uptake of soil N, particularly from below 23 cm, once the capacity of the crop to take up N was exceeded. Denitrification and leaching were almost certainly insufficient to account for the 19% loss of spring-added N across the whole range of N applications and other loss processes must also have contributed.
机译：1852年开始在英国Rothamsted的Hoosfield Spring大麦实验上叠加了使用15N标记肥料的实验。在1986-87年间，春季将15NH4 15NO3应用于大麦简历。以0、48、96或144 kg N ha-1的速度取得胜利。标记的肥料被施用于位于原始实验的四种处理中的微地块：每年接受农家肥（FYM），每年接受无机养分（PK）以及两种缺乏养分的肥料。 1986年的最高产量（7.1吨ha-1谷物）比1987年略高。1987年，只要施用了足够的氮肥，FYM和PK处理的微作图的产量相似，但1986年始终保持PK处理的最高产量。不论施用多少肥料，都比FYM处理少。在具有足够作物养分的地块中，收获时约有51％的标记N存在于地上作物和杂草中，约70％的氮残留在土壤的前70厘米（大部分在0-23厘米），约19％不管施用氮的速率和施用时土壤中无机氮的量如何，均未说明％。收获时土壤中以无机形式存在的肥料N的添加量不到4％，证实了英格兰东南部秋天播种谷物的可比实验结果。这些结果表明，没有证据表明春季播种的谷物比秋季播种的谷物更有可能将未使用的肥料留在土壤中。微量施用（约2 kg N ha-1）可将更多标记的N保留在土壤中，而在地上作物中则较少。在P和K不足的地方，单产下降，收获时地上作物中的肥料N比例较小，而土壤中的比例更高。尽管在不同氮肥施用范围内，标记氮的吸收百分比相似，但在较高的氮含量下，总氮的吸收下降，特别是在FYM处理中。这在最高的施用率下表现为负的添加氮相互作用。一旦超过了作物吸收氮的能力，肥料N就会阻止土壤N的吸收，特别是在23 cm以下。几乎可以肯定，反硝化和浸出不足以说明在整个氮肥施用范围内，春季添加的氮肥损失了19％，其他损失过程也必不可少。

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