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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >Soil physical conditions in a New York orchard after eight years underdifferent groundcover management systems
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Soil physical conditions in a New York orchard after eight years underdifferent groundcover management systems

机译：在不同的地面覆盖管理系统下八年后，纽约果园的土壤物理状况

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An experiment was conducted near Ithaca, New York, to compare orchard soil and groundcover management systems (GMSs) in a silty clay loam soil (mixed, mesic, Glosaquic Hapludalf). Three replications of four GMS treatments were randomly assigned to 12 plots and maintained since 1992 in 2 m-wide strips within tree rows: (1) Sod: Red fescue (Festuca rubra) turfgrass mowed biweekly; (2) Post-HBS: Post-emergence applications of glyphosate herbicide in May and July annually; (3) Pre-HBS: Pre-emergence applications of paraquat, diuron and norflurazon herbicides each May; and (4) Mulch: A 15-cm depth layer of shredded hardwood bark mulch, renewed triennially. After eight years of continuous treatments, we compared soil physical conditions and hydraulic properties in these GMSs. Bulk density was lower and soil porosity greater under Mulch than other GMSs. Infiltration was more rapid under Mulch than other GMSs, and under Post-HBS than Sod. Saturated hydraulic conductivity ranged from 6 x 10(-4) m(.)s(-1)under Sod to 12 x 10(-4) m(.)s(-1) under Mulch plots, and was equivalent in Sod and Pre-HBS, lower in Sod than Post-HBS or Mulch treatments, higher in Post-HBS than Pre-HBS, and higher in Mulch than all other GMSs. Volumetric soil water content at field capacity ranged from 0.47 under Mulch to 0.40 under Sod, and was not significantly different among GMSs between 0.99 and 39.22 kPa of pressure. GMS treatments and related management practices at this orchard had substantially different long-term effects on soil physical conditions. Compaction and reduced infiltration in Sod compared with other GMSs were attributed to tractor wheel traffic during mowing. Mulch treatments improved soil conditions relative to other GMSs. Greater infiltration rates and hydraulic conductivity under Post-HBS compared with Pre-HBS suggest relative advantages of post-emergence herbicides.
机译：在纽约伊萨卡附近进行了一项实验，比较了粉质粘土壤土（混合，中度，Glosaquic Hapludalf）中的果园土壤和地被植物管理系统（GMS）。自1992年以来，四种GMS处理方法的三个重复试验被随机分配至12个样地，并在树行内的2 m宽条带中维持：（1）草皮：每两周修剪一次的红色羊茅（Festuca rubra）草皮草; （2）HBS后：每年5月和7月草甘膦除草剂的出苗后施用; （3）HBS前：每年5月在百草枯，敌草隆和去氟氟虫草除草剂出苗前施用; （4）覆盖物：15厘米深的切碎的硬木树皮覆盖物层，每三年更新一次。经过连续八年的处理，我们比较了这些GMS中的土壤物理条件和水力特性。与其他GMS相比，Mulch的松密度较低，土壤孔隙度较大。在Mulch下的渗透比其他GMS更快，在HBS后的渗透比Sod更快。饱和水力传导率范围从Sod下的6 x 10（-4）m（。）s（-1）到Mulch图下的12 x 10（-4）m（。）s（-1），在Sod和HBS前，草皮中的含量低于HBS后或Mulch处理，HBS后的含量高于HBS前的含量，而Mulch的含量高于所有其他GMS。田间持水量的土壤含水量在覆盖下为0.47至草皮下为0.40，在0.99至39.22 kPa压力之间的GMS之间无显着差异。该果园的GMS处理和相关管理措施对土壤物理条件的长期影响差异很大。与其他GMS相比，Sod中的压实度和渗透率降低归因于割草期间的拖拉机轮流量。相对于其他GMS，覆盖处理改善了土壤条件。与HBS前相比，HBS后的渗透率和水力传导率更高，表明出苗后除草剂具有相对优势。

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