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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >The Impact of Nitrogen Placement and Tillage on NO, N2O, CH4 and CO2 Fluxes from a Clay Loam Soil
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The Impact of Nitrogen Placement and Tillage on NO, N2O, CH4 and CO2 Fluxes from a Clay Loam Soil

机译：施氮和耕作对粘土壤土NO，N2O，CH4和CO2通量的影响

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摘要

To evaluate the impact of N placement depth and no-till (NT) practice on the emissions of NO, N_2O, CH_4 and CO_2 from soils, we conducted two N placement experiments in a long-term tillage experiment site in northeastern Colorado in 2004. Trace gas flux measurements were made 2–3 times per week, in zero-N fertilizer plots that were cropped continuously to corn (Zea mays L.) under conventional-till (CT) and NT. Three N placement depths, replicated four times (5, 10 and 15 cm in Exp. 1 and 0, 5 and 10 cm in Exp. 2, respectively) were used. Liquid urea–ammonium nitrate (UAN, 224 kg N ha~(-1)) was injected to the desired depth in the CT- or NT-soils in each experiment. Mean flux rates of NO, N2O, CH4 and CO2 ranged from 3.9 to 5.2 μg N m~(-2) h~(-1), 60.5 to 92.4 μg N m~(-2) h~(-1), 0.8 to 0.5 μg C m~(-2) h~(-1), and 42.1 to 81.7 mg C m~(-2) h~(-1) in both experiments, respectively. Deep N placement (10 and 15 cm) resulted in lower NO and N2O emissions compared with shallow N placement (0 and 5 cm) while CH4 and CO2 emissions were not affected by N placement in either experiment. Compared with N placement at 5 cm, for instance, averaged N_2O emissions from N placement at 10 cm were reduced by more than 50% in both experiments. Generally, NT decreased NO emission and CH4 oxidation but increased N2O emissions compared with CT irrespective of N placement depths. Total net global warming potential (GWP) for N_2O, CH_4 and CO_2 was reduced by deep N placement only in Exp. 1 but was increased by NT in both experiments. The study results suggest that deep N placement (e.g., 10 cm) will be an effective option for reducing N oxide emissions and GWP from both fertilized CT- and NT-soils.
机译：为了评估氮肥施用深度和免耕（NT）措施对土壤NO，N_2O，CH_4和CO_2排放的影响，我们于2004年在科罗拉多州东北部的一个长期耕作试验地点进行了两次氮肥施用实验。在零氮肥田中，每周进行2至3次微量气通量测量，在常规耕作（CT）和NT下连续种植玉米（Zea mays L.）。使用了三个N放置深度，重复了四次（实验1中分别为5、10和15厘米，实验2中分别为0、5和10厘米）。在每个实验中，将液态尿素-硝酸铵液（UAN，224 kg N ha〜（-1））注入到CT或NT土壤中所需的深度。 NO，N2O，CH4和CO2的平均通量率范围为3.9至5.2μgN m〜（-2）h〜（-1），60.5至92.4μgN m〜（-2）h〜（-1），0.8在两个实验中分别达到0.5μgC m〜（-2）h〜（-1）和42.1〜81.7 mg C m〜（-2）h〜（-1）。与浅氮放置（0和5 cm）相比，深氮放置（10和15 cm）导致较低的NO和N2O排放，而在任何一个实验中，CH4和CO2排放均不受氮放置的影响。例如，与在5 cm处放置N相比，在两个实验中，从10 cm处放置N产生的平均N_2O排放均减少了50％以上。通常，与N相比，与CT相比，NT减少NO排放和CH4氧化，但增加N2O排放，而与N放置深度无关。 N_2O，CH_4和CO_2的总净全球升温潜能值（GWP）仅在Exp中通过深施氮而降低。 1，但在两个实验中均增加了NT。研究结果表明，深施氮肥（例如10 cm）将是减少受精CT和NT土壤氮氧化物排放和GWP的有效选择。

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