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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >Resident bacteria, nitric oxide emission and particle size modulate the effect of Brassica napus seed meal on disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp.
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Resident bacteria, nitric oxide emission and particle size modulate the effect of Brassica napus seed meal on disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp.

机译:驻留细菌,一氧化氮的排放和颗粒大小可调节甘蓝型油菜籽粉对solani Rhizoctonia solani和Pythium spp引起的疾病的影响。

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摘要

Amendment of orchard soil with low-glucosinolate Brassica napus (rape) seed meal (RSM) suppresses infection of apple roots by Rhizoctonia solani but increases incidence of Pythium spp. infection. Following incorporation of Brassica sp. seed meals, soils were monitored for changes in populations of selected saprophytic and plant pathogenic microorganisms. When conducted in pasteurized soil, which possessed high numbers of Bacillus spp. and lower than detectable numbers of Streptomyces spp., RSM amendment did not provide control of R. solani. Populations of streptomycetes in RSM-amended soil increased to stable levels >20-fold higher than in non-amended soil. Disease suppressiveness was restored to pasteurized RSM-amended soil by adding any of several Streptomyces strains. Maximal rates of nitrification in orchard soil, determined by nitric oxide emission, were observed within two weeks following RSM amendment and inhibition of nitrification via application of nitrapyrin abolished the capacity of RSM to suppress R. solani infection of apple roots when seedlings were planted one day after soil amendment. Apple seedling mortality and Pythium spp. root infection were highest for seedlings planted immediately following incorporation of B. napus cv. Athena RSM, particularly when meal was added in a flake rather than powder form. Lower infection frequencies were observed for seedlings planted four weeks after RSM incorporation, even for soil in which densities of culturable Pythium spp. had not declined. Our results demonstrate that suppression of Rhizoctonia root rot in response to RSM amendment requires the activity of the resident soil microbiota and that initial disease control is associated with the generation of nitric oxide through the process of nitrification..
机译:用低硫代芥子油菜(油菜)籽粕(RSM)修正果园土壤,可抑制茄根霉对苹果根的感染,但增加了腐霉的发生率。感染。并入芸苔属。监测种子粉,土壤中所选腐生微生物和植物病原微生物的种群变化。在具有大量芽孢杆菌属的巴氏消毒土壤中进行。并且,由于低于链霉菌属的可检测数量,RSM修正案并未提供对solani solani的控制。 RSM改良土壤中链霉菌的种群增加到稳定水平,比未改良土壤中链霉菌的种群高出20倍以上。通过添加几种链霉菌菌株中的任何一种,对巴氏消毒的RSM改良土壤恢复了疾病抑制性。在RSM修正后的两周内,观察到果园土壤中的最大硝化速率(由一氧化氮释放确定),并且通过种植硝普胺抑制硝化对硝化的抑制作用消除了RSM抑制一天种植种子时苹果根瘤菌对马铃薯根瘤菌感染的能力。土壤改良后。苹果幼苗死亡率和腐霉属。 B. napus cv掺入后立即种植的幼苗的根部感染最高。雅典娜(Athena)RSM,尤其是以片状而非粉状形式添加餐食时。掺入RSM后四周种植的幼苗,甚至对于密度可培养的腐霉菌属的土壤,其感染频率均较低。并没有拒绝。我们的结果表明,响应RSM修正而抑制根瘤菌根腐病需要居民土壤微生物区系的活动,并且最初的疾病控制与硝化过程中一氧化氮的产生有关。

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