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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >Long-term effects of pre-harvest burning and nitrogen and vinasse applications on yield of sugar cane and soil carbon and nitrogen stocks on a plantation in Pernambuco, N.E. Brazil.
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Long-term effects of pre-harvest burning and nitrogen and vinasse applications on yield of sugar cane and soil carbon and nitrogen stocks on a plantation in Pernambuco, N.E. Brazil.

机译：新泽西州伯南布哥州人工林的收获前燃烧以及施氮和酿酒的长期影响对甘蔗产量以及土壤碳和氮储量的影响。巴西。

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Since the 1970s the area under sugarcane in Brazil has increased from 2 million to over 5 million ha (M ha), and it is expected to pass the 7 M ha mark in 2007. More than half of the cane is harvested to produce bioethanol as a fuel for light vehicles. The distilleries produce approximately 13 L of distillery waste (vinasse) for each litre of ethanol produced. In the 1980s there was considerable concern over the long-term effects of the disposal of this material (containing about 1% carbon and high in K) on cane yields if it was applied to the field. At the same time there was a growing movement to abandon the practice of pre-harvest burning and some research was showing that some Brazilian varieties of sugar cane were able to obtain significant contributions of N from plant-associated biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). For these reasons an experiment was installed on a cane plantation in the state of Pernambuco, NE Brazil to investigate the long-term effects of vinasse and N fertiliser additions and the practice of pre-harvest burning on crop and sugar yield, soil fertility parameters, N balance and soil C stocks. The results showed that over a 16-year period, trash conservation (abandonment of burning) increased cane yields by 25% from a mean of 46 to 58 Mg ha-1. Vinasse applications (80 m3 ha-1 crop-1) increased mean cane and sugar yield by 12 to 13% and the application of 80 kg N ha-1 as urea increased cane yields by 9%, but total sugar yield by less than 6% (from 7.0 to 7.4 Mg ha-1 crop-1). The total N balance for the soil/plant system when only the surface 20 cm of the soil was considered was positive in plots where no N fertiliser was added. However, the data indicated that during the 16 years of the study considerable quantities of soil organic matter were accumulated below 20 cm depth such that the N balance considering the soil to 60 cm depth was strongly positive, except where N fertiliser was added. The data indicated that there were considerable BNF inputs to the system, which was consistent with its low response to N fertiliser and low N fertiliser-use-efficiency. There were no significant effects of vinasse or urea addition, or trash conservation on soil C stocks, although the higher yields proportioned by trash conservation had potentially significant benefits for increased mitigation of CO2 emissions where the main use of the cane was for bioethanol production..
机译：自1970年代以来，巴西甘蔗种植面积已从200万公顷增加到超过500万公顷（M ha），预计2007年将超过700万公顷。甘蔗的一半以上被收获以生产生物乙醇，轻型车辆的燃料。每生产一升乙醇，酒厂都会产生约13升的酒糟（酒糟）。在1980年代，如果将这种材料（含碳量约1％，钾含量高）应用于田间，对这种材料的长期影响将引起人们的极大关注。同时，有越来越多的人放弃收割前燃烧的做法，一些研究表明，巴西的一些甘蔗品种能够从植物相关的生物固氮（BNF）中获得重要的N贡献。由于这些原因，在巴西东北部伯南布哥州的一个甘蔗种植园上安装了一个实验，以研究添加酒糟和氮肥的长期影响以及收获前燃烧对作物和糖产量，土壤肥力参数的影响，氮平衡和土壤碳储量。结果表明，在16年的时间里，垃圾保护（放弃燃烧）使甘蔗产量从平均46 Mg ha-1增加了25％。施用Vinasse（80 m3 ha-1作物1）使甘蔗和糖的平均产量提高12％至13％，施用80 kg N ha-1作为尿素使甘蔗的产量提高9％，但总糖产量不足6％ ％（从7.0到7.4 Mg ha-1作物-1）。在不添加氮肥的地块中，仅考虑土壤表面20 cm时，土壤/植物系统的总氮平衡为正。但是，数据表明，在研究的16年中，在20 cm深度以下积累了大量土壤有机质，因此，考虑到60 cm深度的土壤氮平衡非常强，除非添加了氮肥。数据表明，该系统有大量BNF输入，这与它对氮肥的响应低和氮肥的使用效率低相符。葡萄藤或尿素的添加或垃圾保存对土壤碳库没有显着影响，尽管较高的产量与垃圾保存成比例可能对减少二氧化碳排放具有显着的好处，而甘蔗的主要用途是生产生物乙醇。

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