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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >Sustaining productivity of wheat-soybean cropping system through integrated nutrient management practices on the Vertisols of central India
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Sustaining productivity of wheat-soybean cropping system through integrated nutrient management practices on the Vertisols of central India

机译：通过在印度中部的Vertisols上进行综合养分管理，维持小麦-大豆种植系统的生产力

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Wheat-soybean is one of the most dominant cropping systems on the Vertisols of central India. Cultivation of durum wheat in winter season (November to April) has a considerable potential due to congenial climate, while soybean in rainy season (June to October) has witnessed a phenomenal growth in the last two decades in the region. Beside including a legume (soybean) in sequence with a cereal crop (wheat), combined use of available organic sources along with chemical fertilizers may prove beneficial for long-term productivity and sustainability of the system. A long-term experiment was conducted during 1995-2000 on the fine-textured Vertisols at Indore, India to study the effect of combined use of farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure, vermicompost and biofertilizers (Azotobacter + phosphate solubilizing bacteria) with 0.5 and 1.0 NPK (120 kg N + 26.2 kg P + 33.3 kg K ha super(-1)) on wheat, and residual effect on following soybean. Grain yield of aestivum wheat in the initial 2 years and durum wheat in the later 3 years was significantly increased with 0.5 NPK + poultry manure at 2.5 t ha super(-1) or FYM at 10 t ha super(-1) compared with 0.5 NPK alone, and was on par with 1.0 NPK. However, the highest productivity was obtained when these organic sources were applied along with 1.0 NPK. Quality parameters of durum wheat viz protein content, hectolitre weight and sedimentation value showed improvement, and yellow berry content was significantly lower with combined use of NPK + organic sources compared with NPK alone and control. Soybean did not show much response to residual effect of nutrient management treatments applied to wheat. Wheat gave higher profit than soybean, particularly in the later years due to lower grain yields and market price of soybean. However, the superiority of FYM as well as poultry manure along with 1.0 NPK was evident on the overall profitability of the system. Various soil fertility parameters including chemical and biological properties showed conspicuous improvement over the initial status under the treatments of FYM and poultry manure. Sustainability yield index was maximum under 1.0 NPK, followed by 1.0 NPK + poultry manure or FYM. It was concluded that application of available organic sources, particularly FYM and poultry manure along with full recommended dose of NPK fertilizers to wheat was essential for improving productivity, grain quality, profitability, soil health and sustainability of wheat-soybean system.
机译：小麦-大豆是印度中部Vertisols上最主要的种植系统之一。由于气候适宜，冬季硬粒小麦的种植潜力很大（11月至4月），而雨季（6月至10月）的大豆在该地区的过去二十年中出现了惊人的增长。除了在谷物作物（小麦）中依次添加豆类（大豆）之外，结合使用可利用的有机资源和化肥还可能有益于系统的长期生产力和可持续性。在1995-2000年期间，对印度印多尔的细纹理Vertisols进行了一项长期实验，研究了混合使用0.5的农家肥（FYM），家禽粪便，mi堆肥和生物肥料（固氮菌+磷酸盐增溶细菌）的效果。以及小麦上的1.0 NPK（120 kg N + 26.2 kg P + 33.3 kg K ha super（-1）），以及对随后大豆的残留影响。 0.5 NPK +家禽粪便在2.5 t ha super（-1）或FYM在10 t ha super（-1）时，最初2年的普通小麦和硬质小麦的籽粒产量均显着提高，而0.5 NPK +家禽粪便单独使用NPK，与1.0 NPK相当。但是，当这些有机源与1.0 NPK一起施用时，可获得最高的生产率。与单独施用NPK和对照相比，使用NPK +有机源与硬粒小麦相比，硬粒小麦品质指标的蛋白质含量，百升重量和沉降值均有改善，黄莓含量显着降低。大豆对施用于小麦的营养管理处理的残留效果没有太大反应。小麦的利润高于大豆，特别是在后期，由于谷物单产下降和大豆的市场价格下降。但是，FYM和家禽粪便以及1.0 NPK的优势在系统的整体盈利能力上是显而易见的。在FYM和家禽粪便的处理下，包括化学和生物学特性在内的各种土壤肥力参数均比初始状态显着提高。在1.0 NPK以下，可持续性产量指数最高，其次是1.0 NPK +家禽粪便或FYM。结论是，将可利用的有机物，特别是FYM和家禽粪便，连同推荐的全量NPK肥料施用到小麦上，对于提高小麦-大豆系统的生产力，谷物质量，利润，土壤健康和可持续性至关重要。

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