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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >Root characteristics of representative Mediterranean plant species and their erosion-reducing potential during concentrated runoff.
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Root characteristics of representative Mediterranean plant species and their erosion-reducing potential during concentrated runoff.

机译：具有代表性的地中海植物物种的根系特征及其在浓缩径流过程中减少侵蚀的潜力。

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摘要

Gully erosion is an important soil degradation process in Mediterranean environments. Revegetation strategies for erosion control rely in most cases on the effects of the above-ground biomass on reducing water erosion rates, whereas the role of the below-ground biomass is often neglected. In a Mediterranean context, the above-ground biomass can temporally disappear because of fire or overgrazing and when concentrated flow erosion occurs, roots can play an important role in controlling soil erosion rates. Unfortunately, information on root characteristics of Mediterranean plants, growing on semi-natural lands, and their effects on the topsoil resistance to concentrated flow erosion is lacking. Therefore, typical Mediterranean grass, herb, reed, shrub and tree root systems of plants growing in habitats that are prone to concentrated flow erosion (i.e. in ephemeral channels, abandoned fields and steep badland slopes) are examined and their erosion-reducing potential was evaluated. Root density (RD), root length density (RLD) and root diameters are measured for 26 typical Mediterranean plant species. RD values and root diameter distribution within the upper 0.10-0.90 m of the soil profile are then transformed into relative soil detachment rates using an empirical relationship in order to predict the erosion-reducing effect of root systems during concentrated runoff. Comparing the erosion-reducing potential of different plant species allows ranking them according to their effectiveness in preventing or reducing soil erosion rates by concentrated flow. RD in the 0.10 m thick topsoil ranges between 0.13 kg m-3 for Bromus rubens (L.) and 19.77 kg m-3 for Lygeum spartum (L.), whereas RLD ranges between 0.01 km m-3 for Nerium oleander (L.) and 120.43 km m-3 for Avenula bromoides ((Gouan) H. Scholz.) Relative soil detachment rates, compared to bare soils, range between 0.3x10-12 and 0.7 for the 0.10 m thick topsoil. The results show that grasses such as Helictotrichon filifolium ((Lag.) Henrard), Piptatherum miliaceum ((L.) Coss.), Juncus acutus (L.), Avenula bromoides ((Gouan) H. Scholz), Lygeum spartum (L.) and Brachypodium retusum ((Pers.) Beauv.) have the highest potential to reduce soil erosion rates by concentrated flow in the 0-0.1 m topsoil. But also shrubs such as Anthyllis cytisoides (L.) and Tamarix canariensis (Willd.), having high root densities in the topsoil, can reduce erosion rates drastically. Among the species growing in channels, Juncus acutus (L.) has the highest erosion reducing potential, whereas Phragmites australis (Cav.) is the least effective. On abandoned fields, Avenula bromoides ((Gouan) H. Scholz) and Plantago albicans (L.) are the most effective species in reducing concentrated flow erosion rates, while Thymelaea hirsuta (L. (Endl.)) and Bromus rubens (L.) perform the worst. On steep badland slopes, Helictotrichon filifolium ((Lag.) Henrard) and Anthyllis cytisoides (L.) perform the best in the analysis of erosion reducing potential, while Ononis tridentata (L.) is the least effective species. These findings have implications for ecological restoration and management of erosion-prone slopes.
机译：沟壑侵蚀是地中海环境中重要的土壤退化过程。在大多数情况下，用于控制侵蚀的植被策略取决于地上生物量对降低水蚀速率的影响，而地下生物量的作用通常被忽略。在地中海地区，由于着火或过度放牧，地上生物量可能会暂时消失，当发生集中流动侵蚀时，根部在控制土壤侵蚀速率中起重要作用。不幸的是，缺乏关于在半自然土地上生长的地中海植物根系特征及其对表土抵抗浓流侵蚀的影响的信息。因此，对典型的地中海草，草本植物，芦苇，灌木和树木的根系进行了研究，这些植物生长在易于集中流动侵蚀的生境中（即在短暂的通道，废弃的田野和陡峭的荒地坡地），并评估了其减少侵蚀的潜力。测量了26种典型地中海植物物种的根系密度（RD），根系长度密度（RLD）和根系直径。然后，通过经验关系将RD值和土壤剖面上部0.10-0.90 m内的根系直径分布转换为相对土壤脱离速率，以预测浓缩径流期间根系减少侵蚀的作用。比较不同植物物种减少侵蚀的潜力，就可以根据它们通过集中流动防止或降低土壤侵蚀率的有效性对它们进行排名。在0.10 m厚的表层土壤中，RD对布鲁姆斯（L.）的取值范围为0.13 kg m-3，而对Lygeum spartum（L.）的取值范围为19.77 kg m-3，而夹竹桃（R. ）和120.43 km m-3（对于Avenula bromoides）（（Gouan）H。Scholz。）。相对于裸露土壤，土壤相对分离速率在0.1x m厚表土的0.3x10-12和0.7之间。结果表明，草如Helictotrichon filifolium（（Lag。）Henrard），Piptatherum miliaceum（（L.）Coss。），Juncus acutus（L。），Avenula bromoides（（Gouan）H. Scholz），Lygeum spartum（L ）和短曲霉（Berchypodium retusum（（Pers。）Beauv。））在0-0.1 m的表层土壤中集中流动，具有降低土壤侵蚀率的最大潜力。但是在表层土壤中具有高根系密度的灌木，如茶青蒽（Anthyllis cytisoides）（L。）和塔马柳（Tamarix canariensis）（Willd。），也可以大大降低土壤侵蚀速率。在河道中生长的物种中，纯金丝猴（L.）具有最大的减缓侵蚀潜力，而芦苇（Cav。）效果最差。在废弃的田地上，溴化venus（（Gouan）H. Scholz）和Plantago albicans（L.）是降低集中水流侵蚀速率最有效的物种，而Thymelaea hirsuta（L.（Endl。））和Bromus rubens（L. ）表现最差。在陡峭的荒地斜坡上，Helictotrichon filifolium（（Lag。）Henrard）和cythisoides cytisoides（L.）在减缓侵蚀潜力的分析中表现最好，而Ononis tridentata（L.）效果最差。这些发现对易遭受侵蚀的边坡的生态恢复和管理具有重要意义。

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