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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >Plant-soil relationships of the invasive annual grass Taeniatherum caput-medusae: a reciprocal transplant experiment
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Plant-soil relationships of the invasive annual grass Taeniatherum caput-medusae: a reciprocal transplant experiment

机译：入侵性一年生禾草Taeniatherum caput-medusae的植物与土壤的关系：相互移植实验

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The annual grass Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski (medusahead) is highly invasive on rangelands of the western United States. It originates from the Mediterranean basin and was introduced accidentally into North America in the late 1800s. To increase our knowledge of the soil factors that may contribute to its invasiveness, we conducted a reciprocal transplant experiment. Seed sources used were from an invasive population in northeastern California, USA and from a native population in southern France. Four soils were used: two from northeastern California, invaded (USI) and non-invaded (USN) by T. caput-medusae; two from southern France, with T. caput-medusae occupied (FR+) and a similar soil presently unoccupied (FR-) by T. caput-medusae. Treatments were control and autoclaved. Seeds were sown in containers (six replicates) for each soil and treatment combination of the reciprocal planting matrix and allowed to grow for 60 days. Following harvest, above-ground and below-ground tissue was dried and weight recorded separately. Above-ground tissue was analyzed for nutrient concentrations and various soil nutrient pools were quantified. Above-ground mass of T. caput-medusae was greatest in the USN soil and least in the FR- soil. Growth was affected by significant seed source x soil and treatment x soil interactions. French seed produced larger plants than did US seed when grown in the USN soil. For the USI soil, plant growth was significantly greater in the autoclaved soil than control. Availability of soil Fe, Mn, and ortho-P were significant predictors of plant growth as shown by stepwise regression. Moreover, the positive effect on growth of T. caput-medusae, due to autoclaving of USI soil, may be partially a consequence of elevated nutrient availability. Our data also suggests that US seed may have evolved a greater ability to uptake Mn from soil than French seed. Elevated soil nutrient availability in our western United States study area is a potential factor explaining the invasiveness of T. caput-medusae.
机译：一年生禾本科Taeniatherum caput-medusae（L.）Nevski（medusahead）在美国西部的草原上具有很高的入侵性。它起源于地中海盆地，并在1800年代末意外引入北美。为了增加对可能导致其侵袭性的土壤因素的认识，我们进行了对等移植实验。所使用的种子来源来自美国东北加利福尼亚的入侵种群和法国南部的原生种群。使用了四种土壤：来自加利福尼亚州东北部的两种土壤，分别是卡普氏杜鹃（T. caput-medusae）入侵的（USI）和非入侵的（USN）;来自法国南部的两个人，其中卡皮杜鹃（T. caput-medusae）被占领（FR +），而卡皮杜鹃（T. caput-medusae）目前却没有占据类似的土壤（FR-）。对照进行处理并高压灭菌。将每种土壤和对等种植基质的处理组合的种子播种在容器中（一式六份），使其生长60天。收获后，将地上和地下的组织干燥并分别记录重量。分析地上组织的养分浓度，并对各种土壤养分池进行定量。在USN土壤中，花冠丁香的地上质量最大，而在FR土壤中，则最小。生长受到重要种子源x土壤和处理x土壤相互作用的影响。在USN土壤中生长时，法国种子产生的植物比美国种子产生的植物大。对于USI土壤，高压灭菌土壤中的植物生长显着大于对照。如逐步回归所示，土壤铁，锰和邻磷的有效性是植物生长的重要预测因子。而且，由于USI土壤的高压灭菌，对Capus-medusae的生长产生了积极影响，这可能部分是养分利用率提高的结果。我们的数据还表明，美国种子可能比法国种子具有更大的从土壤中吸收锰的能力。美国西部研究区土壤养分利用率的升高是解释棉铃虫侵袭性的潜在因素。

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