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首页> 外文期刊>Plant and Soil >Productivity and residual benefits of grain legumes to sorghum under semi-arid conditions in southwestern Zimbabwe
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Productivity and residual benefits of grain legumes to sorghum under semi-arid conditions in southwestern Zimbabwe

机译：津巴布韦西南部半干旱条件下谷物豆类作物对高粱的生产率和残留效益

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The productivity and residual benefits of four grain legumes to sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grown in rotation were measured under semi-arid conditions over three cropping seasons. Two varieties of each of the grain legumes; cowpea (Vigna unguiculata); groundnut (Arachis hypogaea); pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan); Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea), and sorghum were grown during the first season. The same experiment was implemented three times in different, but adjacent fields that had similar soil types. At the end of the season the original plots were split in two and residues were either removed or incorporated into the subplots. The following season sorghum was planted in all subplots. In 2002/03 (314 mm rainfall) cowpeas produced the largest dry grain yield (0.98 and 1.36 t ha-p#) among the legumes. During the wettest year (2003/04, 650 mm rainfall) groundnut had the highest yields (0.76 to 1.02 t ha-p#). In 2004/05 (301 mm rainfall) most legume yields were less than 0.5 t ha-p#, except for pigeon pea. Estimates of % N from N-fixation from the legumes were 15-50% (2002/03), 16-61% (2003/04) and 29-83% (2004/05). Soil water changes during the legume growth cycle were proportional to varietal differences in total legume biomass. Sorghum grain yield after legumes reached up to 1.62 t ha-p# in 2003/04 compared with 0.42 t ha-p# when following sorghum. In 2004/05, sorghum yields after legumes were also higher (up to 1.26 t ha-p#) than sorghum after sorghum. Incorporation of crop residues had no significant effect on sorghum yield. Beneficial effect of legumes on yields of the subsequent sorghum crop were more readily explained by improvements in soil nitrogen supply than by the small observed changes in soil water relations. Our results demonstrate clear potential benefits for increasing grain legume cultivation in semi-arid environments through the use of improved germplasm, which also gave substantial increases in subsequent sorghum productivity (up 200% in a wet season and 30-100% in a dry season), compared with an unfertilized sorghum crop following sorghum.
机译：在三个干旱季节中，在半干旱条件下，测量了四种谷物豆类对轮作的高粱的生产力和残留效益。每种谷物豆类有两个品种;豆（Vigna unguiculata）;花生（花生）木豆（Cajanus cajan）;第一个季节种植了班巴拉花生（Vigna subterranea）和高粱。同一实验在不同但相邻的土壤类型相似的田间进行了三次。在季节结束时，将原始样地分成两部分，并去除残留物或将其合并到子图中。接下来的季节，所有子图都种植了高粱。在2002/03年（314毫米降雨量）中，cow豆在豆类中的干谷产量最高（0.98和1.36 t ha-p＃）。在最湿的一年（2003/04年，降雨量为650 mm）中，花生的单产最高（0.76-1.02 t ha-p＃）。在2004/05年（301毫米降雨量）中，除木豆之外，大多数豆类产量均低于0.5 t ha-p＃。从豆类固氮中获得的N含量估计为15-50％（2002/03），16-61％（2003/04）和29-83％（2004/05）。豆类植物生长周期中的土壤水分变化与豆类总生物量的品种差异成正比。 2003/04年度，豆类作物后的高粱籽粒产量高达1.62 t ha-p＃，而跟随高粱的则为0.42 t ha-p＃。在2004/05年度，豆类后的高粱产量也比高粱后的高粱高（高达1.26 t ha-p＃）。作物残渣的掺入对高粱产量没有显着影响。比起观察到的土壤水分关系的微小变化，更容易解释了豆类作物对随后的高粱作物产量的有益影响。我们的结果表明，通过使用改良的种质资源，在半干旱环境中增加豆类作物的种植具有明显的潜在益处，这也使随后的高粱生产力显着提高（在潮湿季节增加200％，在干燥季节增加30-100％） ，与高粱后未施肥的高粱作物相比。

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