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首页> 外文期刊>Plant Cell Reports >Microspore embryogenesis and programmed cell death in barley: effects of copper on albinism in recalcitrant cultivars
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Microspore embryogenesis and programmed cell death in barley: effects of copper on albinism in recalcitrant cultivars

机译：大麦中的小孢子胚胎发生和程序性细胞死亡：铜对顽固型白化病的影响

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Albinism remains a major problem in cereal improvement programs that rely on doubled haploid (DH) technology, and the factors controlling the phenomenon are not well understood. Here we report on the positive influence of copper on the production of DH plants obtained through microspore embryogenesis (ME) in recalcitrant cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The presence of copper sulphate in the anther pre-treatment medium improved green DH plant regeneration from cultivars known to produce exclusively albino plants using classical procedures. In plastids, the effect of copper was characterized by a decrease in starch and a parallel increase in internal membranes. The addition of copper sulphate in the ME pre-treatment medium should enable breeders to exploit the genetic diversity of recalcitrant cultivars through DH technology. We examined programmed cell death (PCD) during microspore development to determine whether PCD may interfere with the induction of ME and/or the occurrence of albinism. By examining the fate of nuclei in various anther cell layers, we demonstrated that the kinetics of PCD in anthers differed between the barley cultivars Igri and Cork that show a low and a high rate of albinism, respectively. However, no direct correlation between PCD in the anther cell layers and the rate of albinism was observed and copper had no influence on the PCD kinetic in these cultivars. It was concluded that albinism following ME was not due to PCD in anthers, but rather to another unknown phenomenon that appears to specifically affect plastids during microspore/pollen development.
机译：在依赖双倍单倍体（DH）技术的谷物改良计划中，白化病仍然是一个主要问题，而控制这种现象的因素尚不十分清楚。在这里，我们报道了铜对大麦（Hordeum vulgare L.）顽calc型小孢子胚胎发生（ME）获得的DH植物生产的积极影响。在花药预处理培养基中硫酸铜的存在改善了用经典方法从已知仅生产白化植物的栽培品种的绿色DH植物再生。在质体中，铜的作用以淀粉减少和内膜平行增加为特征。在ME预处理培养基中添加硫酸铜应使育种者能够通过DH技术利用顽calc型品种的遗传多样性。我们检查了小孢子发育过程中的程序性细胞死亡（PCD），以确定PCD是否会干扰ME的诱导和/或白化病的发生。通过检查各个花药细胞层中核的命运，我们证明了大麦品种Igri和Cork在花药中PCD的动力学不同，分别显示了低白化率和高白化率。然而，没有观察到花药细胞层中PCD与白化率之间存在直接相关性，并且铜对这些品种的PCD动力学没有影响。结论是，ME后的白化病并不是由于花药中的PCD引起的，而是由于另一种未知现象，似乎在小孢子/花粉发育过程中特别影响了质体。

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