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Spin photocurrents in semiconductors

机译:半导体中的自旋光电流

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摘要

The possibility of efficiently controling spin states of electrons, holes, and other quasiparticles in low-dimensional structures is a key problem in semiconductor spintronics. Owing to spin±orbit interaction, the spin state of a quasipar-ticle can be changed by affecting its orbital motion. One vivid manifestation of spin±orbit interaction is the spin Hall effect,i.e., the appearance of a transverse spin flow on passing an electric current [1±4]. The spin Hall effect shows itself in semiconductors with free charge carriers as a result of the spin-dependent scattering of carriers on impurities or pho-nons; it can also be caused by a spin±orbit splitting of electronic states. The spin currents induced by an electric field can also arise during the ballistic transport of electrons, for instance, in tunneling structures. In the last case, the effect is related to the dependence of the tunneling transparency of the potential barrier on the mutual orientation of the electron spin and wave vector [5, 6].
机译:在半导体自旋电子学中,有效控制低维结构中的电子,空穴和其他准粒子的自旋态的可能性是一个关键问题。由于自旋±轨道相互作用,准六面体的自旋状态可以通过影响其轨道运动而改变。自旋-轨道相互作用的一个生动体现是自旋霍尔效应,即在通过电流[1±4]时出现横向自旋流。由于载流子在杂质或声子上的自旋依赖性散射,自旋霍尔效应在具有自由电荷载流子的半导体中显示出来。它也可能是由电子状态的自旋±轨道分裂引起的。电场感应的自旋电流也可能在电子的弹道传输过程中产生,例如在隧道结构中。在最后一种情况下,其影响与势垒的隧穿透明性对电子自旋和波矢量相互取向的依赖性有关[5,6]。

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