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The plant structure ontology, a unified vocabulary of anatomy and morphology of a flowering plant

机译：植物结构本体，开花植物的解剖学和形态学的统一词汇

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Formal description of plant phenotypes and standardized annotation of gene expression and protein localization data require uniform terminology that accurately describes plant anatomy and morphology. This facilitates cross species comparative studies and quantitative comparison of phenotypes and expression patterns. A major drawback is variable terminology that is used to describe plant anatomy and morphology in publications and genomic databases for different species. The same terms are sometimes applied to different plant structures in different taxonomic groups. Conversely, similar structures are named by their species-specific terms. To address this problem, we created the Plant Structure Ontology (PSO), the first generic ontological representation of anatomy and morphology of a flowering plant. The PSO is intended for a broad plant research community, including bench scientists, curators in genomic databases, and bioinformaticians. The initial releases of the PSO integrated existing ontologies for Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), maize (Zea mays), and rice (Oryza sativa); more recent versions of the ontology encompass terms relevant to Fabaceae, Solanaceae, additional cereal crops, and poplar (Populus spp.). Databases such as The Arabidopsis Information Resource, Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre, Gramene, MaizeGDB, and SOL Genomics Network are using the PSO to describe expression patterns of genes and phenotypes of mutants and natural variants and are regularly contributing new annotations to the Plant Ontology database. The PSO is also used in specialized public databases, such as BRENDA, GENEVESTIGATOR, NASCArrays, and others. Over 10,000 gene annotations and phenotype descriptions from participating databases can be queried and retrieved using the Plant Ontology browser. The PSO, as well as contributed gene associations, can be obtained at www.plantontology.org.
机译：植物表型的正式描述以及基因表达和蛋白质定位数据的标准化注释需要统一的术语，以准确地描述植物的解剖结构和形态。这促进了跨物种比较研究以及表型和表达模式的定量比较。一个主要缺点是可变术语，该术语用于描述出版物和不同物种的基因组数据库中的植物解剖学和形态。有时将相同的术语应用于不同分类组中的不同植物结构。相反，相似的结构以其物种特定的术语命名。为了解决这个问题，我们创建了植物结构本体论（PSO），这是开花植物的解剖学和形态学的第一个通用本体论表示。 PSO适用于广泛的植物研究社区，包括实验科学家，基因组数据库中的策展人和生物信息学家。 PSO的最初版本整合了拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana），玉米（Zea mays）和水稻（Oryza sativa）的现有本体;本体的最新版本包括与豆科，茄科，其他谷类作物和杨树（Populus spp。）有关的术语。诸如拟南芥信息资源，诺丁汉拟南芥库存中心，格拉梅，MaizeGDB和SOL Genomics Network之类的数据库正在使用PSO来描述基因的表达模式以及突变体和自然变异的表型，并定期向植物本体数据库贡献新的注释。 PSO还用于专门的公共数据库中，例如BRENDA，GENEVESTIGATOR，NASCArrays等。可以使用Plant Ontology浏览器查询和检索来自参与数据库的10,000多个基因注释和表型描述。可以从www.plantontology.org获得PSO以及相关的基因关联。

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