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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization. Factors involved in hostrecognition

机译：丛枝菌根真菌定植。宿主识别所涉及的因素

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摘要

The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is the association between fungi of the order Glomales (Zygomycetes) and the roots of terrestrial plants (Harley and Smith, 1983). Conservative estimates suggest that this ancient symbiosis, dating back to the early Devonian age (398 million years ago), affects approximately 90 percent of the Earth's land plant species (Remy et al., 1994). This symbiosis is increasingly being recognized as an important and integral part of natural ecosystems throughout the world. The AM fungus-plant association is a mutually beneficial event: The plant supplies the fungus with carbon (from its fixed photosynthates) while the fungus assists the plant in its uptake of phosphate and other mineral nutrients from the soil (Smith and Gianinazzi-Pearson, 1988; Smith and Read, 1997). This bidirectional exchange of nutrients takes place through extensively branched haustoria, termed arbuscules. In addition to increased nutrition, mycorrhizal plants also show increased resistance to root pathogens and tolerance to drought stress, and their hormonal balance is altered (Smith and GianinazziPearson, 1988; Hwang et al., 1992).
机译：丛枝菌根（AM）共生是Glomales（Zygomycetes）真菌与陆生植物根系之间的联系（Harley and Smith，1983）。保守的估计表明，这种古老的共生历史可以追溯到泥盆纪早期时代（3.98亿年前），影响着地球上约90％的陆地植物（Remy等，1994）。这种共生被越来越多地认为是全世界自然生态系统的重要组成部分。 AM真菌与植物的关系是互惠互利的：植物向真菌提供碳（来自其固定的光合产物），而真菌则帮助植物从土壤中吸收磷酸盐和其他矿质养分（Smith和Gianinazzi-Pearson， 1988; Smith and Read，1997）。营养素的这种双向交换通过被称为丛枝的广泛分支的h​​austoria进行。除增加营养外，菌根植物还显示出对根病原体的抗性增强和对干旱胁迫的耐受性，其激素平衡也发生了改变（Smith和GianinazziPearson，1988; Hwang等，1992）。

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