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首页> 外文期刊>Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology: An International Journal for the Geo-Sciences >Ungulate community richness, grazer extinctions, and human subsistence behavior in southern Africa's Cape Floral Region
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Ungulate community richness, grazer extinctions, and human subsistence behavior in southern Africa's Cape Floral Region

机译：南部非洲海角花卉地区的社区丰富，放牧者灭绝和人类生存行为的失控

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摘要

Precipitation, primary productivity, and herbivore biomass are linked to ungulate richness (the number of species) in African ecosystems. This study compares the richness of late-middle to late Pleistocene and Holocene ungulate assemblages in southern Africa's Cape Floral Region (CFR). Regression analysis demonstrates that Pleistocene ungulate assemblages are significantly richer than their Holocene counterparts. Elevated Pleistocene ungulate richness is not explained by differential time-averaging, the presence of extinct taxa in Pleistocene assemblages, or by Middle Stone Age (MSA) to Later Stone Age (LSA) technological change, but instead by a greater number of grazing species in Pleistocene faunal communities. Based on modern African analogs, this implies that the Pleistocene assemblages examined here sample time intervals characterized by elevated primary productivity, particularly of grassland habitats, greater ungulate biomass, and altered rainfall regimes. Declining ungulate richness from the Pleistocene to the Holocene supports the hypothesis that the extinction of specialized grazers at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in the CFR was driven by declining productivity and availability of grassland habitats. The contrast between rich Pleistocene ungulate communities and impoverished Holocene ungulate communities may also explain important differences in MSA and LSA subsistence behavior. It is proposed that intensified exploitation of fish, shellfish, tortoises, and seabirds by LSA foragers during the Holocene reflects an expansion of diet breadth in response to diminished ungulate biomass on the landscape rather than fundamental behavioral/cognitive advances.
机译：降水，初级生产力和草食动物生物量与非洲生态系统中有蹄类动物的丰富度（物种数量）相关。这项研究比较了南部非洲开普花卉地区（CFR）中晚更新世和全新世有蹄类动物的丰富程度。回归分析表明，更新世有蹄类动物的组合明显比全新世有蹄类的丰富。更新世有蹄类动物有蹄类动物的丰富度不能通过时间平均差异，更新世组合中已灭绝的分类单元的存在或中石器时代（MSA）至后石器时代（LSA）的技术变化来解释，而不能通过更大量的放牧物种来解释。更新世的动物群落。基于现代非洲类似物，这意味着这里检查的更新世组合采样的时间间隔具有主要生产力提高的特征，尤其是草地生境，有蹄类动物的生物量更大和降雨状况发生了变化。从更新世到全新世的有蹄类动物的丰富度下降，支持了这样的假说，即CFR中的更新世-全新世过渡期专业食草动物的灭绝是由生产力和草地栖息地可用性的下降驱动的。丰富的更新世有蹄类动物群落与贫困的全新世有蹄类动物群落之间的对比也可以解释MSA和LSA生存行为的重要差异。有人提出，全新世时期LSA觅食者对鱼类，贝类，陆龟和海鸟的密集开发反映了饮食宽度的扩大是对景观中有蹄类动物生物量减少的反应，而不是基本的行为/认知进步。

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