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首页> 外文期刊>Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology: An International Journal for the Geo-Sciences >Two episodes of evolution of trace fossils during the Early Triassic in the Guiyang area, Guizhou Province, South China
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Two episodes of evolution of trace fossils during the Early Triassic in the Guiyang area, Guizhou Province, South China

机译：中国南方贵州地区贵阳地区三叠纪早期微量化石演化的两次事件

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The Lower Triassic of the Guiyang area of southern China contains abundant and well-preserved trace fossils, which are useful in the reconstruction of ecological conditions following the end-Permian mass extinction. A total of 16 ichnogenera and 22 ichnospecies were identified; their vertical distribution and evolution indicate that benthic ecosystems experienced two periods of episodic recovery after the P-T event. Episode I occurs in the Daye Formation during the Dienerian, when trace-makers first appear in the upper portion of Member D1. Member D2 exhibits the first abrupt increase in ichnodiversity, and trace-makers shift from simple to complex, and undergo a substantial increase in size. These trends indicate a strong capability to rework sediments and an improvement of feeding strategies of trace makers, and points to the development of an early, initial, benthic ecosystem. Despite the emergence of complex trace fossils in D2, such as Phycodes and Phycosiphon, most of the trace fossils are small, horizontal burrows that are not fully developed in three dimensions. By the end of Dienerian, the regional environment deteriorated, and the benthic ecosystem was destroyed, as evidenced by the disappearance of trace fossils from upper D3 to lower A1, which also corresponds to a marked negative shift of delta C-13(carb). As a result, this newly established benthic ecosystem was vulnerable. Episode 2 occurs from the late Smithian to the Spathian. Trace fossils reappear in the lower Anshun Formation. The trace fossils from this stage are larger, more complex, and are fully three-dimensional. Trace maker diversity increases from single polychaeta, followed by the appearance of crustaceans, as represented by Rhizocorallium in Member A3 of the Anshun Formation. During this period, the marine environment improved and benthic organisms gradually established a basis for a new benthic ecosystem. The marine benthic communities had a transformative effect on the ecological environment of the ocean bottom and played an essential role in paving the way for the recovery of other organisms. Two episodes of evolution of trace fossils reflect that initial restoration of benthic ecosystems was apparently reset at least once during the Early Triassic, recovery was not delayed because of persistent environmental stress but short episodes of deleterious conditions. Marine benthic ecosystems had a full and lasting recovery occurred at the global scale during the Spathian, when oceanographic conditions ameliorated and allowed the recovery of ecosystems worldwide. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：中国南方的贵阳地区的下三叠纪含有丰富且保存完好的痕迹化石，这些化石在二叠纪末大灭绝后可用于重建生态条件。总共鉴定出16个鱼类种和22个鱼类种。它们的垂直分布和演化表明，底栖生态系统在经历了P-T事件后经历了两个阶段的恢复。第一集发生在迪纳时代的大冶组，当时痕迹制造者首次出现在D1成员的上部。成员D2展示了鱼类多样性的首次突然增加，并且痕迹制造者从简单变成了复杂，并且其规模也大大增加。这些趋势表明，泥沙具有强大的返工能力，并改善了踪迹制造者的进食策略，并指出了早期，初始，底栖生态系统的发展。尽管D2中出现了复杂的痕迹化石，例如Phycodes和Phycosiphon，但大多数痕迹化石都是水平的小型洞穴，并未在三个维度上充分发育。到第二纪末，区域环境恶化，底栖生态系统遭到破坏，痕迹化石从上层D3到下层A1的消失证明了这一点，这也与三角洲C-13（碳）的显着负移相对应。结果，这个新近建立的底栖生态系统很脆弱。第2集发生于已故的史密斯主义者至史诗主义者。微量化石重新出现在安顺下部。此阶段的痕迹化石更大，更复杂并且完全是三维的。痕迹制造者的多样性从单一的多壳类开始增加，随后出现甲壳类动物，如安顺组A3成员的根瘤菌属所代表。在此期间，海洋环境得到改善，底栖生物逐渐为新的底栖生态系统奠定了基础。海洋底栖生物群落对海底生态环境产生了变革性影响，在为其他生物的恢复铺平道路方面发挥了至关重要的作用。痕迹化石演化的两次事件反映出，在三叠纪早期，底栖生态系统的初始恢复显然至少重置了一次，恢复并没有因为持续的环境压力而延迟，而是出现了短暂的有害条件。在海洋环境中，海洋底栖生物生态系统在沙棘时期得到了全面而持久的恢复，当时海洋条件得到改善，并使全世界的生态系统得以恢复。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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