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Advances and challenges in computational plasma science

机译：计算等离子体科学的进步与挑战

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Scientific simulation, which provides a natural bridge between theory and experiment, is an essential tool for understanding complex plasma behaviour. Recent advances in simulations of magnetically confined plasmas are reviewed in this paper, with illustrative examples, chosen from associated research areas such as microturbulence, magnetohydrodynamics and other topics. Progress has been stimulated, in particular, by the exponential growth of computer speed along with significant improvements in computer technology. The advances in both particle and fluid simulations of fine-scale turbulence and large-scale dynamics have produced increasingly good agreement between experimental observations and computational modelling. This was enabled by two key factors: (a) innovative advances in analytic and computational methods for developing reduced descriptions of physics phenomena spanning widely disparate temporal and spatial scales and (b) access to powerful new computational resources. Excellent progress has been made in developing codes for which computer run-time and problem-size scale well with the number of processors on massively parallel processors (MPPs). Examples include the effective usage of the full power of multi-teraflop (multi-trillion floating point computations per second) MPPs to produce three-dimensional, general geometry, nonlinear particle simulations that have accelerated advances in understanding the nature of turbulence self-regulation by zonal flows. These calculations, which typically utilized billions of particles for thousands of time-steps, would not have been possible without access to powerful present generation MPP computers and the associated diagnostic and visualization capabilities. In looking towards the future, the current results from advanced simulations provide great encouragement for being able to include increasingly realistic dynamics to enable deeper physics insights into plasmas in both natural and laboratory environments. This should produce the scientific excitement which will help to (a) stimulate enhanced cross-cutting collaborations with other fields and (b) attract the bright young talent needed for the future health of the field of plasma science.
机译：科学仿真是理论与实验之间的天然桥梁，是理解复杂等离子体行为的重要工具。本文综述了磁约束等离子体仿真的最新进展，并举例说明了一些示例，这些示例选自相关的研究领域，例如微湍流，磁流体动力学和其他主题。尤其是计算机速度的指数级增长以及计算机技术的显着改进，已刺激了这一进步。细尺度湍流和大规模动力学的粒子和流体模拟研究的进步，在实验观察和计算建模之间取得了越来越好的一致性。这是由两个关键因素实现的：（a）分析和计算方法的创新进步，用于开发跨越广泛不同的时空尺度的物理现象的简化描述，以及（b）获得强大的新计算资源。在开发代码方面取得了卓越的进展，该代码的计算机运行时和问题规模随大规模并行处理器（MPP）上的处理器数量的增加而很好地扩展。例如，可以有效地利用数百万亿次（每秒数万亿个浮点计算）MPP的全部功能来生成三维，通用几何，非线性粒子模拟，这些模拟在加速理解湍流自调节本质方面取得了进步。地带流量。这些计算通常需要数十亿个粒子用于数千个时间步长，如果没有强大的现代MPP计算机以及相关的诊断和可视化功能，这些计算将是不可能的。展望未来，先进仿真的当前结果为能够包含日益逼真的动力学提供了极大的鼓舞，从而能够对自然和实验室环境中的等离子体进行更深入的物理洞察。这应该引起科学上的兴奋，这将有助于（a）促进与其他领域的跨领域合作，并且（b）吸引等离子科学领域未来健康所需的年轻才华。

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