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首页> 外文期刊>Plasma physics and controlled fusion >Characterization and interpretation of strongly nonlinear phenomena in fusion, space and astrophysical plasmas
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Characterization and interpretation of strongly nonlinear phenomena in fusion, space and astrophysical plasmas

机译：聚变，空间和天体等离子体中强非线性现象的表征和解释

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Much of plasma behaviour is governed by multiple distinct nonlinear processes, operating on a wide range of lengthscales and timescales, that are coupled together in innumerable feedback loops. Capturing and quantifying this nonlinear behaviour is crucial at all levels of description, ranging from individual events to global phenomenology. In recent years, a range of techniques derived from complex systems science has been applied successfully to nonlinear plasma datasets. The present paper reviews several of these techniques in the context of applications spanning fusion, space, solar and astrophysical plasmas. Topics include non-Gaussian probability density functions, notably extreme event distributions in fusion and astrophysics and power law distributions in the solar context; differencing and rescaling of fluctuation data, which has yielded information on the number of dominant plasma turbulent processes, and the spatiotemporal ranges over which they operate, in plasmas ranging from microquasar accretion discs to L-mode and dithering H-mode fusion plasmas in the MAST tokamak; quantitative measures of mutual information content and pattern repetition between causally linked but spatiotemporally separated nonlinear events in solar wind and magnetospheric plasmas; global statistics of full-disc solar irradiance; and ELMing, considered as a sequence of pulsed events, in H-mode fusion plasmas in the JET tokamak. These developments in nonlinear plasma data characterization provide fresh additional insights into the underlying plasma physics. They also provide new opportunities for comparing models with data, and with each other, and open avenues for the development of a more rigorous predictive capability in this field.
机译：许多等离子体行为受多个不同的非线性过程支配，这些非线性过程在很多种长度范围和时间范围内运行，并在无数反馈回路中耦合在一起。从单个事件到全局现象学，捕获和量​​化这种非线性行为在所有描述级别上都是至关重要的。近年来，源自复杂系统科学的一系列技术已成功应用于非线性等离子体数据集。本文在涉及聚变，空间，太阳和天体等离子体的应用中回顾了其中的几种技术。主题包括非高斯概率密度函数，特别是聚变和天体物理学中的极端事件分布以及太阳背景下的幂律分布;对波动数据进行微分和重新换算，从而获得了有关等离子体的湍流过程的数量及其运行的时空范围的信息，这些等离子体的范围从微类星体吸积盘到MAST的L型和抖动H型融合等离子体托卡马克太阳风和磁层等离子体中因果联系但时空分离的非线性事件之间相互信息含量和模式重复的定量测量;全球全盘太阳辐照度统计数据;在JET托卡马克的H模式融合等离子体中，ELMing被认为是脉冲事件的序列。非线性等离子体数据表征的这些进展为基础等离子体物理学提供了新的额外见解。它们也提供了将模型与数据进行相互比较的新机会，并为在该领域开发更严格的预测能力开辟了道路。

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