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First principles based simulations of instabilities and turbulence

机译：基于第一原理的不稳定性和湍流模拟

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It is now widely believed that low frequency turbulence developing from smallscale instabilities is responsible for the phenomenon of anomalous transport generally observed in magnetic confinement fusion experiments. The microinstabilities are driven by gradients of equilibrium density, ion and electron temperatures and magnetic field strength. Gyrokinetic theory is based on the Vlasov-Maxwell equations and, consistent with the ordering, averages out the fast particle gyromotion, reducing the phase space from 6 to 5 dimensions. Solving the resulting equations is a non-trivial task. Difficulties are associated with the magnetic confinement geometry, the strong disparities in space and time scales perpendicular and parallel to B, the different time scales of ion and electron dynamics, and the complex nonlinear behaviour of the system. The main numerical methods are briefly presented together with some recent developments and improvements to the basic algorithms. Recent results are shown, with emphasis on the roles of zonal E x B flows, of parallel nonlinearity and of toroidal coupling on the saturation of ion temperature gradient (ITG) driven turbulence in tokamaks.
机译：现在普遍认为，由小规模不稳定性产生的低频湍流是通常在磁约束聚变实验中观察到的异常传输现象的原因。微观不稳定性是由平衡密度，离子和电子温度以及磁场强度的梯度驱动的。陀螺动力学理论基于Vlasov-Maxwell方程，并且与有序一致，对快速粒子的陀螺运动求平均，将相空间从6维减少到5维。解决所产生的方程式并非易事。困难与磁约束的几何形状，垂直和平行于B的时空尺度上的巨大差异，离子和电子动力学的不同时尺度以及系统的复杂非线性行为有关。简要介绍了主要的数值方法，以及对基本算法的一些最新发展和改进。显示了最近的结果，重点是纬向E x B流，平行非线性和环形耦合对托卡马克中离子温度梯度（ITG）驱动的湍流饱和度的作用。

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