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ITER operation beyond its baseline scenario

机译：ITER运行超出其基准情景

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摘要

The `improved H-mode' regime, realized in ASDEX Upgrade in 1998 and confirmed by other devices, demonstrates the integration of advanced performance beyond the standard H-mode for confinement (confinement enhancement factor H-98(y,H-2) <= 1.6), stability (normalized beta beta N similar to 3-3.5) and, at densities close to the Greenwald density, exhaust in stationary discharges longer than 40 confinement times or up to six resistive diffusion times. The q-profile is characterized by low central magnetic shear and axis safety factor q0 > 1 that is obtained by particular discharge and heating ramp-up scenarios and maintained via fishbones or benign higher (m, n) instabilities without using elaborate current control. Core transport is still governed by driftwave turbulence with stiff temperature profiles, but density profiles are more strongly peaked and contribute to the increase in global confinement. A further contribution manifests itself by enhanced pressures at the edge barrier pedestal top and at the rho = 0.9 surface both increasing with the input power. (3, 2) NTMs remain small, enabling routine operation up to beta N similar to 3 (limited by (2, 1) NTMs) at ITER relevant collisionalities, for normalized Larmor radii down to four times the ITER value and for a broad range of q(95) = 3-5. Tailored heat deposition including central wave heating allows for a compromise in density peaking for enhanced confinement and tolerable high-Z impurity concentrations even with tungsten coated structures. As far as the ITER relevance of this regime is concerned, its compatibility with significant central electron heating, low collisionality and even densities close to the Greenwald density combined with type-II ELMS and,beta N similar to 3.5 is of importance. The GLF23 turbulence model still predicts peaked density profiles (R/L-n similar to 3) and sufficient transport to avoid impurity accumulation. At low q(95) similar to 3 the fusion performance in terms of beta N (.) H-98(y,H-2)/(q) (2)(95) is more than doubled compared with the ITER baseline scenario (performance factor similar to 0.2) extrapolating to long 10 pulses on ITER. At medium q's bootstrap current fractions up to 50% and performance factors close to 0.2 can be achieved resulting in long inductive pulse lengths of similar to 1 h allowing ITER `hybrid' operation at Q <= 9.
机译：“改进的H模式”机制在1998年的ASDEX升级中实现并得到其他设备的证实，证明了超越标准H模式进行限制的先进性能的集成（限制增强因子H-98（y，H-2）< = 1.6），稳定性（归一化的beta beta N类似于3-3.5），并且在接近Greenwald密度的情况下，固定放电中的排气时间超过40个限制时间或最多六个电阻扩散时间。 q曲线的特征是中心磁剪切力低且轴安全系数q0> 1，这是通过特定的放电和加热斜升情况获得的，并且通过鱼骨或良性较高的（m，n）不稳定性来维持，而无需使用精细的电流控制。堆芯的传输仍然受具有刚性温度分布的漂移波湍流的控制，但密度分布的峰值更为强烈，并有助于整体封闭的增加。进一步的贡献体现在边缘势垒基座顶部和rho = 0.9表面处的压力都随着输入功率的增加而增加。 （3，2）NTM很小，可以在ITER相关碰撞下进行高达3的beta N的常规操作（受（2，1）NTM限制），归一化的拉莫半径可低至ITER值的四倍，且适用范围广q（95）= 3-5。包括中心波加热在内的量身定制的热量沉积即使在采用钨涂层结构的情况下，也可以在密度峰值方面做出妥协，以增强密封性和可忍受的高Z杂质浓度。就与该系统的ITER相关性而言，其与显着的中央电子加热，低碰撞性以及甚至接近Greenwald密度与II型ELMS和类似于3.5的βN相结合的相容性非常重要。 GLF23湍流模型仍预测峰值密度分布（R / L-n类似于3）并具有足够的输运以避免杂质积累。在低q（95）接近3的情况下，与ITER基准情景相比，就beta N（。）H-98（y，H-2）/（q）（2）（95）而言，融合性能提高了一倍以上（性能因子类似于0.2）外推至ITER上的 10个长脉冲。在中等q时，自举电流分数高达50％，并且性能因子接近0.2，可以实现长于1 h的长感应脉冲长度，允许ITER在Q <= 9时进行“混合”操作。

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