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Wall retention of deuterium and gaseous impurities in all tungsten ASDEX Upgrade

机译：所有钨中氘和气态杂质的壁保留ASDEX升级

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摘要

The tritium inventory is one critical issue of the present ITER design. Gas balance measurements in all tungsten ASDEX Upgrade show different phases of a semi-detached H-mode discharge. After the limiter start-up, the wall is loaded during a high retention phase. After this a steady-state retention is reached. During this phase only 1.5 ± 3.2% of the puffed D atoms are retained in the vessel. During plasma ramp-down outgassing of the wall starts, resulting in a remaining inventory of about 1.6% 10 s after the discharge. The low retention is confirmed by postmortem analysis of tiles. To reach steadystate a wall loading of typical 1.9 × 1022 D atoms is needed. After applying boronization only 1.4 × 1022 D atoms are sufficient. The mechanism of this transient wall loading is still unclear, but from the amount of gas needed it seems to be plausible that not only the divertor but all in-vessel components are involved. Residual gas analysis is hampered by uncertainties of the H/(H + D) ratio for the different water and hydrocarbon molecules. Especially water seems to be produced by outgassing of in-vessel components. Nevertheless a first evaluation yields a D content of hydrocarbons of about 1%, which has only a minor effect for the gas balances.
机译：inventory库存是当前ITER设计的关键问题。所有钨ASDEX升级版中的气体平衡测量结果显示了半分离H型放电的不同阶段。限幅器启动后，在高固位阶段对壁进行加载。此后达到稳态保留。在此阶段中，仅1.5±3.2％的膨化D原子保留在容器中。在等离子下降期间，壁开始放气，导致放电后10 s剩余存量约1.6％。通过对瓷砖的事后分析证实了低保留率。为了达到稳态，需要典型的1.9×1022 D原子的壁负载。进行硼化后，仅1.4×1022 D原子就足够了。这种瞬态壁负载的机制仍不清楚，但是从所需的气体量来看，似乎似乎不仅涉及分流器，而且涉及所有船内组件。对于不同的水和烃分子，H /（H + D）比的不确定性阻碍了残留气体分析。特别是似乎是由于船内成分放气而产生水。但是，第一次评估得出的碳氢化合物的D含量约为1％，这对气体平衡的影响很小。

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