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Enhanced efficiency of plasma acceleration in the laser-induced cavity pressure acceleration scheme

机译：在激光感应腔压力加速方案中提高等离子体加速效率

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摘要

Among various methods for the acceleration of dense plasmas the mechanism called laser-induced cavity pressure acceleration (LICPA) is capable of achieving the highest energetic efficiency. In the LICPA scheme, a projectile placed in a cavity is accelerated along a guiding channel by the laser-induced thermal plasma pressure or by the radiation pressure of an intense laser radiation trapped in the cavity. This arrangement leads to a significant enhancement of the hydrodynamic or electromagnetic forces driving the projectile, relative to standard laser acceleration schemes. The aim of this paper is to review recent experimental and numerical works on LICPA with the emphasis on the acceleration of heavy plasma macroparticles and dense ion beams. The main experimental part concerns the research carried out at the kilojoule sub-nanosecond PALS laser facility in Prague. Our measurements performed at this facility, supported by advanced two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, have demonstrated that the LICPA accelerator working in the long-pulse hydrodynamic regime can be a highly efficient tool for the acceleration of heavy plasma macroparticles to hyper-velocities and the generation of ultra-high-pressure (> 100 Mbar) shocks through the collision of the macroparticle with a solid target. The energetic efficiency of the macroparticle acceleration and the shock generation has been found to be significantly higher than that for other laser-based methods used so far. Using particle-in-cell simulations it is shown that the LICPA scheme is highly efficient also in the short-pulse high-intensity regime and, in particular, may be used for production of intense ion beams of multi-MeV to GeV ion energies with the energetic efficiency of tens of per cent, much higher than for conventional laser acceleration schemes.
机译：在各种用于密集等离子体加速的方法中，称为激光感应腔压力加速（LICPA）的机制能够实现最高的能量效率。在LICPA方案中，放置在空腔中的弹丸通过激光诱导的热等离子体压力或陷在空腔中的强激光辐射的辐射压力沿引导通道加速。相对于标准的激光加速方案，这种布置导致驱动弹丸的流体动力或电磁力显着增强。本文的目的是回顾有关LICPA的最新实验和数值研究，重点是重质等离子体大颗粒和致密离子束的加速。主要的实验部分涉及在布拉格千焦亚纳秒PALS激光设备上进行的研究。在先进的二维流体动力学模拟的支持下，我们在该设施上进行的测量表明，在长脉冲流体动力学状态下工作的LICPA加速器可以是一种有效的工具，可将重的血浆大颗粒加速至超高速并产生大粒子与固体靶的碰撞会产生超高压（> 100 Mbar）的冲击。现已发现，大颗粒加速和产生冲击的能量效率明显高于迄今使用的其他基于激光的方法。使用粒子模拟，表明LICPA方案在短脉冲高强度状态下也非常有效，特别是可以用于产生多MeV到GeV离子能量的强离子束能量效率高达百分之几十，比传统的激光加速方案要高得多。

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