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首页> 外文期刊>Plant Pathology >Observed and predicted changes over eight years in frequence of barley powdery mildery mildew avirulent to spring barley in France and Denmark
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Observed and predicted changes over eight years in frequence of barley powdery mildery mildew avirulent to spring barley in France and Denmark

机译：在法国和丹麦，观察和预测了八年来大麦粉状霉菌对春季大麦无毒的频率变化

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摘要

Aerial populations of Blumeria gramminis f.sp. bordei were studied in two French and two Danish regions from 1991 to 1999, at a time of year when only winter barley was present. A high frequency of genotypes not abble to grow on the spring-sown crop of the previous growing season (denoted 'spring-avirulent') was observed in most years and regions . This frequency increased with increasing proportion of winter barley; it was highersdt in France and decreased in general over the 8-year period. Most of the spring -avirulent genotypes possessed the V_(a22) virulence gene, mathing a resistance that has never been present in barley cultivars grown in Europe. A hypothetical cropping system, including winter-and spring--sown crops with three resistance genes altoghether, was construced to mimic of the pathogen population in this system, demonstrated that selection solely due to host resistance genes, i.e. without assuming any cost of virulence, migt lead to such resultsw as those observed. The changes in frequency of spring-avirulent genotypes and the frequency of unnecessary virulence genes amy be predicted from the proportionof the barley area sown with winter barley, the use of resistance genes in the cultivars, theinitial composition of te pathogen population, and hitch-hiking due to gametic disequilibria
机译：Blumeria gramminis f.sp.的空中人口1991年至1999年，一年中只有冬季大麦存在的时候，在两个法国和两个丹麦地区研究了bordei。在大多数年份和地区中，观察到大量的基因型在前一个生长季的春季播种作物上不会生长（称为“春季无毒”）。随着冬麦比例的增加，频率增加。它在法国更高，在过去的8年中总体上有所下降。大多数春季无毒基因型都具有V_（a22）毒力基因，算出了欧洲种植的大麦品种从未出现过的抗性。假设的种植系统（包括具有三个抗性基因的冬，春季播种作物）被解释为模仿该系统中的病原体种群，证明选择仅是由于宿主抗性基因，即不假设任何毒力，可能会导致观察到的结果。通过与大麦播种的大麦面积比例，品种中抗性基因的使用，病原菌种群的初始组成和搭便车，可以预测春季无毒基因型频率和不必要的毒力基因频率的变化。由于配子不平衡

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