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Evolution of gene-for-gene systems in metapopulations: the effect of spatial scale of host and pathogen dispersal

机译：种群中基因对基因系统的进化：宿主空间尺度和病原体扩散的影响

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摘要

The concept of gene-for-gene coevolution is a major model for research on disease resistance in crop plants. However, few theoretical or empirical studies have examined such systems in natural situations, and as a consequences, there is little knowledge of how spatial effects are likely to influence the evolution of host resistance and pathogen virulence in genefor-gene interactions. In this work, a simulation approach was used to investigate the epidemiological and genetic consequences of varying host and pathogen dispersal in metapopulation situations. The results demonstrate clear impacts of dispersal distance on the total number of host and pathogen genotypes that are maintained, as well as on genetic variation at individual host resistance and pathogen virulence loci. Several other important results also emerged from this study. In contrast to the predictions of many earlier nonspatial models, so-called 'super-races' of pathogens do not always evolve and dominate, indicating that it is not necessary to assume costs of resistance or virulence to maintain high levels of polymorphism in biologically realistic situations. The rate of evolution of both resistance and virulence depend on the scale of dispersal, with greater mixing (as a function of dispersal scale) resulting in a faster approach to a dynamic endpoint. The model in this paper also predicts that, despite the greater total genotypic diversity of pathogens across the metapopulation, variation in host resistance will generally be greater than variation in pathogen virulence within local populations.
机译：基因对基因协同进化的概念是研究作物抗病性的主要模型。但是，很少有理论或实证研究在自然情况下检查过这种系统，因此，关于空间效应如何影响基因对基因相互作用中宿主抗性和病原体毒力的演变的知识很少。在这项工作中，使用一种模拟方法来研究在宿主种群中不同宿主和病原体扩散的流行病学和遗传后果。结果表明，分散距离对维持的宿主和病原体基因型总数以及个体宿主抗性和病原体毒力基因座的遗传变异有明显影响。这项研究还得出了其他一些重要结果。与许多早期非空间模型的预测相反，病原体的所谓“超级竞赛”并不总是进化并占据主导地位，这表明在生物学上现实中，不必为了维持高水平的多态性而承担抗性或毒力的代价。情况。抗性和毒力的进化速率取决于分散的规模，随着混合的增加（作为分散规模的函数），可以更快地达到动态终点。本文中的模型还预测，尽管整个种群中病原体的总基因型多样性更大，但宿主抗药性的变化通常会大于当地人群中病原体毒力的变化。

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