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Quantitative evolution of aggressiveness of powdery mildew under two-cultivar barley mixtures

机译：两种大麦混合物对白粉病侵袭性的定量演化

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摘要

The effects of cultivar mixtures on the evolution of aggressiveness of barley powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei) were modelled. It was found that the rate and direction of evolution of pathogen aggressiveness in a race-non-specific system and value at equilibrium, depends on initial resistance levels, proportions of component cultivars, autodeposition rates, the relative magnitude of the benefit of autoinfection, and the cost of alloinfection of spores. In the model, mixing cultivars in any proportions tended to reduce the aggressiveness of pathogens at equilibrium compared with pure stands, but this effect decreased when two mixture components were extremely unbalanced in proportion. Under low and medium autodeposition rates, the best control of the evolution of the pathogen was achieved by mixing two components in roughly equal proportions. The magnitude of aggressiveness at equilibrium increased as autodeposition rates increased. Though the level of initial resistance of mixture components did not have an impact on the aggressiveness of pathogens at equilibrium, it strongly influenced the transient values of aggressiveness and therefore the total amount of disease caused over an evolutionary period. The cost to the pathogen of alloinfection and benefit of autoinfection per se did not affect the final level of aggressiveness, but did affect the time to reach equilibrium. However, the ratio of the cost to the benefit did influence the final aggressiveness of the pathogen.
机译：模拟了栽培品种混合物对大麦白粉病（Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei）侵略性的影响。发现在非种族特异性系统中病原体侵袭性的进化速率和方向以及平衡时的值取决于初始耐药水平，组成品种的比例，自沉积率，自体感染的相对价值以及孢子同种异体感染的成本。在该模型中，与纯林相比，按任意比例混合栽培品种往往会降低病原体在平衡状态下的侵略性，但是当两种混合成分的比例极不平衡时，这种效果会降低。在低和中等的自动沉积速率下，通过将两种成分以大致相等的比例混合，可以最好地控制病原体的进化。随着自动沉积速率的增加，平衡时的侵略性也随之增加。尽管混合成分的初始抗药性水平对平衡时病原体的侵略性没有影响，但它强烈影响了侵略性的瞬时值，因此也影响了整个进化时期引起的疾病总量。同种异体感染的病原体成本和自身感染的益处本身并不影响侵略性的最终水平，但确实影响达到平衡的时间。但是，成本与收益的比率确实影响了病原体的最终侵略性。

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