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The effect of environmental factors on infection of blueberry fruit by Colletotrichum acutatum

机译：环境因素对番茄炭疽病感染蓝莓果实的影响

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摘要

Anthracnose fruit rot of blueberries caused by Colletotrichum acutatum is a serious problem in humid blueberry-growing regions of North America. In order to develop a disease prediction model, environmental factors that affect mycelial growth, conidial germination, appressorium formation and fruit infection by C. acutatum were investigated. Variables included temperature, wetness duration, wetness interruption and relative humidity. The optimal temperature for mycelial growth was 26°C, and little or no growth was observed at 5 and 35°C. The development of melanized ap-pressoria was studied on Parafilm-covered glass slides and infection was evaluated in immature and mature blueberry fruits. In all three assays, the optimal temperature for infection was identified as 25°C, and infections increased up to a wetness duration of 48 h. Three-dimensional Gaussian equations were used to assess the effect of temperature and wetness duration on the development of melanized appressoria (R~2 = 0-89) on Parafilm-covered glass slides and on infection incidence in immature (R~ 2= 0·86) and mature (R~2 = 0·90) blueberry fruits. Interrupted wetness periods of different durations were investigated and models were fitted to the response of melanized appressoria (R~2 = 0·95) and infection incidence in immature (R~2 = 0·90) and mature (R~2 = 0·78) blueberry fruits. Additionally, the development of melanized appressoria and fruit infection incidence were modelled in relation to relative humidity (R~2 = 0·99 and 0·97, respectively). Three comprehensive equations were then developed that incorporate the aforementioned variables. The results lay the groundwork for a disease prediction model for anthracnose fruit rot in blueberries.
机译：在北美湿润的蓝莓种植地区，由炭疽菌引起的蓝莓炭疽病腐烂是一个严重的问题。为了建立疾病预测模型，研究了影响菌丝体生长，分生孢子萌发，Appressorium形成和果实感染衣原体的环境因素。变量包括温度，湿度持续时间，湿度中断和相对湿度。菌丝体生长的最佳温度是26°C，在5和35°C下几乎没有或没有观察到生长。在Parafilm覆盖的载玻片上研究了黑化的ap-pressoria的发展，并评估了未成熟和成熟蓝莓果实的感染。在所有三个测定中，确定的最适感染温度为25°C，并且感染增加到潮湿持续48小时。使用三维高斯方程，评估温度和湿度持续时间对Parafilm覆盖的载玻片上黑色化压感（R〜2 = 0-89）的发展以及未成熟的感染发生率（R〜2 = 0） 86）和成熟的（R〜2 = 0·90）蓝莓果实。研究了不同持续时间的间断湿润期，并针对黑化的压感（R〜2 = 0·95）和未成熟（R〜2 = 0·90）和成熟（R〜2 = 0· 78）蓝莓果实。此外，还针对相对湿度（R〜2 = 0·99和0·97）对黑色素化的胃的发育和水果感染的发生率进行了建模。然后开发了包含上述变量的三个综合方程。结果为蓝莓炭疽病的果实腐烂病的疾病预测模型奠定了基础。

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