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首页> 外文期刊>Plant Pathology >Role of ascospores and conidia in the initiation and spread of South American leaf blight in a rubber tree plantation
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Role of ascospores and conidia in the initiation and spread of South American leaf blight in a rubber tree plantation

机译：子囊孢子和分生孢子在橡胶树造林中南美叶枯病的萌发和传播中的作用

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摘要

Microcyclus ulei, the fungus causing South American leaf blight (SALB) on rubber tree leaves, produces two main types of spores: ascospores and conidia. To assess their respective epidemiological role, a field experiment was conducted in French Guiana over 3 years. Tree phenology, disease severity and climate variables were recorded while airborne spores were trapped and quantified. Ascospores were shown to play an essential role in the perpetuation of the disease outside the host's growth periods, in the resumption of epidemics, and in the spread of the disease to disease-free zones. Conidia were trapped in visibly infected plots only, during periods of host growth. Disseminated over short distances and present only temporarily on leaves, the conidia enabled the disease to spread stepwise when the climate was conducive. Segmentation analysis revealed that the duration of high relative humidity was the climatic variable most related to ascospore trapping. Ascospore release did not require low temperatures. Considering the essential role of the ascospores in the initiation and spread of disease, artificial defoliation as a means of reducing the inoculum pressure during tree refoliation is proposed to control SALB. To check the validity of this method, a survey over several years of natural defoliation-refoliation in relation to climate and other leaf diseases is needed.
机译：微环粉菌（Microcyclus ulei）是引起南美橡胶叶枯萎病的真菌，产生两种主要类型的孢子：子孢子和分生孢子。为了评估它们各自的流行病学作用，在法属圭亚那进行了为期3年的田间试验。记录树木物候，病害严重程度和气候变量，同时捕获和量化空气中的孢子。子囊孢子在宿主的生长期以外的疾病的延续，流行的恢复以及疾病向无病区的传播中起着至关重要的作用。分生孢子仅在宿主生长期间被困在可见感染的地块中。分生孢子可短距离传播并仅暂时存在于叶子上，因此在有利于气候的情况下使该病逐步传播。分段分析表明，高相对湿度的持续时间是与子囊孢子捕获最相关的气候变量。子囊孢子释放不需要低温。考虑到子囊孢子在疾病的发生和传播中的重要作用，提出了人工脱叶作为降低树再植过程中接种压力的手段来控制SALB。为了检查该方法的有效性，需要对与气候和其他叶片疾病有关的自然脱叶-脱叶进行数年的调查。

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