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Review of polystyrene diffusion studies in latex particles by small-angle neutron scattering

机译:小角中子散射法研究聚苯乙烯在胶乳颗粒中的扩散研究

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Polymer diffusion at interfaces forms the basis of understanding the processes of mixing and homogenization of macromolecules. Diffusion impacts a wide range of applications such as adhesion and welding between polymeric materials, crack healing and polymer blending, and film formation in latexes. Among the various model systems, latex film formation is often chosen for the study of interdiffusion in polymers because latex films originate with small latex particles, of the order of tens to hundreds of nanometers in diameter with a very large interface area per unit volume. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) [1, 2] and direct nonradiative energy transfer (DET), a fluorescence spectroscopy technique [3], have been used throughout the last two decades to measure diffusion coefficients of polymers in latex films. Hahn, et al., initiated a study of interdiffusion in poly(butyl methacrylate) films by SANS [1, 2], followed by Klein and Sperling, et al., [4-8] on polystyrene. Polymer chain interdiffusion across an interface during film formation, the relationship between interdiffusion distance and the mechanical strength of films, the reptation behavior of polymer chains at short and long times, and the plasticizing effect of cosurfactants were among the more interesting studies using SANS. Winnik, et. al., [3, 9-11] and Boczar, et al.[12], used the DET technique to study film formation in acrylic polymers. The contributions of DET studies to an understanding of polymer interdiffusion include the effect of functional groups, water, and temperature.
机译:聚合物在界面处的扩散形成了理解大分子混合和均质化过程的基础。扩散影响广泛的应用,例如聚合物材料之间的粘合和焊接,裂缝愈合和聚合物共混以及乳胶中的膜形成。在各种模型系统中,通常会选择乳胶膜的形成来研究聚合物之间的相互扩散,因为乳胶膜的起源是小乳胶颗粒,直径约为数十至数百纳米,每单位体积的界面面积非常大。在过去的二十年中,小角中子散射(SANS)[1,2]和直接非辐射能量转移(DET),一种荧光光谱技术[3]已用于测量乳胶薄膜中聚合物的扩散系数。 Hahn等人开始用SANS [1,2]进行聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯薄膜相互扩散的研究,然后Klein和Sperling等人[4-8]在聚苯乙烯上进行相互扩散研究。成膜过程中跨界面的聚合物链相互扩散,相互扩散距离与膜的机械强度之间的关系,聚合物链在短时间和长时间内的复制行为以及助表面活性剂的增塑效果是使用SANS进行的更有趣的研究。 Winnik等。 [3,9-11]等人和Boczar等人[12]使用DET技术研究丙烯酸类聚合物中的膜形成。 DET研究对理解聚合物相互扩散的贡献包括官能团,水和温度的影响。

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