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An antimicrobial peptide is downregulated in the small intestine of Eimeria maxima-infected chickens

机译：在最大的艾美球虫感染的鸡的小肠中抗菌肽被下调

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Avian coccidiosis is a major disease of poultry caused by the intestinal protozoa Eimeria. Infection leads to reduced feed efficiency and BW gain, resulting in severe economic losses for the poultry industry. Aviagen line A and line B birds show a differential response to Eimeria infection, with line B birds exhibiting higher lesion scores and mortality. The objective of this study was to examine differential intestinal gene expression between 2-wk-old line A and B chicks in response to a challenge with Eimeria maxima. After challenge with 1 x 104 oocysts/chick, more than 40% of line A chicks had lesion scores of 0 to 1 (scale of 0 to 4), similar to control chicks. In contrast, all line B chicks challenged at this same dose had lesion scores of 2 to 4. Total RNA was extracted from the jejunum of control and challenged chicks from both lines A and B. Microarray analysis revealed that liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2), a component of the innate immune system, was downregulated 20-fold in line A challenged chicks with lesion scores of 2 to 4 compared with line A control chicks, and was downregulated 11- to 71-fold in line B challenged chicks with lesion scores of 2 to 4 compared with line B control chicks. Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 was downregulated less than 2-fold in line A challenged chicks with lesion scores of 1 compared with line A control chicks, indicating that these chicks were similar to control chicks in their expression level of LEAP-2. Other genes (cytochrome P450, heat shock protein 25, keratin 19, and amino acid transporter ASCT1) showed different patterns of over- or underexpression. The expression of LEAP-2 was verified using real-time PCR, revealing a correlation between lesion score and magnitude of LEAP-2 downregulation for both line A and line B chicks. Thus, LEAP-2 may serve as a useful marker for identification of chickens resistant to E. maxima infection and potentially other Eimeria spp.
机译：禽球虫病是由肠道原生动物艾美球虫引起的家禽的主要疾病。感染导致饲料效率降低和体重增加，给家禽业造成严重的经济损失。 Aviagen品系A和品系B的禽类表现出对艾美球虫感染的不同反应，其中品系B的禽类表现出更高的病灶评分和死亡率。这项研究的目的是检查2周龄的A和B线雏鸡对最大艾美球虫攻击后肠道基因表达的差异。用1 x 104个卵囊/小鸡进行攻击后，与对照小鸡相似，超过40％的A系小鸡的病变得分为0到1（等级为0到4）。相比之下，所有以相同剂量攻击的B系雏鸡的病变评分为2至4。从对照空肠和A和B系的空肠雏鸡中提取总RNA。微阵列分析显示，肝脏表达的抗菌肽2（ LEAP-2）是先天免疫系统的组成部分，与A系对照相比，A系攻击小鸡的病变评分为2至4倍，下调了20倍，B系受到挑战的鸡的病变评分为11到71倍与B系对照雏鸡相比，病斑分数为2-4的雏鸡。与A系对照雏鸡相比，病损得分为1的A系挑战雏鸡中肝脏表达的抗菌肽2的表达下调不到2倍，这表明这些雏鸡的LEAP-2表达水平与对照雏鸡相似。其他基因（细胞色素P450，热激蛋白25，角蛋白19和氨基酸转运蛋白ASCT1）表现出不同的过表达或欠表达模式。使用实时PCR验证了LEAP-2的表达，揭示了A和B系雏鸡的病变得分与LEAP-2下调幅度之间的相关性。因此，LEAP-2可用作鉴定对最大大肠杆菌感染以及潜在的其他艾美球虫属的鸡的有用标记。

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