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首页> 外文期刊>Poultry Science >Photoperiodic lighting (16 hours of light:8 hours of dark) programs during incubation: 1. Effects on growth and circadian physiological traits of embryos and early stress response of broiler chickens.
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Photoperiodic lighting (16 hours of light:8 hours of dark) programs during incubation: 1. Effects on growth and circadian physiological traits of embryos and early stress response of broiler chickens.

机译：孵化过程中的光周期照明（16小时光照：8小时黑暗）程序：1.对胚胎的生长和昼夜生理特性以及肉鸡的早期应激反应的影响。

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a 16L:8D photoperiod during incubation, either during the whole incubation period (Inc0-21d) or the last week of incubation (Inc14-21d), on embryo growth, incubation performance, and light:dark rhythm of plasma melatonin and corticosterone in relation to early stress responses of newly hatched chicks to the posthatching environment. A dark incubation condition (IncDark) served as control. Three batches of eggs (n=1,080, 1,320, 720) from Ross 308 broiler breeders were used in the experiment. Embryos from Inc0-21d presented a daily rhythm of melatonin at internal pipping and hatching, but IncDark embryos did not. The Inc14-21d group had rhythmic plasma melatonin at hatching only. A L:D rhythm of corticosterone was apparent at hatching. A significant incubation x sampling time interaction suggested that a lower increment in blood corticosterone level in Inc0-21d at 8 h posthatching (light period), as compared with hatching (dark period) values, might be associated with probable changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in Inc0-21d through incubation lighting. This finding may also suggest improved adaptation to the posthatching environment. Incubation lighting did not consistently affect brain malondialdehyde concentration; the only difference between groups was higher concentrations at hatching in Inc14-21d, whereas incubation groups at the internal pipping stage had similar values. Mean relative asymmetry (RA) did not differ with incubation lighting. The malondialdehyde and RA results indicate that neither lighting nor darkness during the overall incubation exacerbated embryo oxidative and developmental stress. An increased breast muscle weight was observed at hatching only in Inc14-21d. The Inc0-21d group had increased embryo weights relative to egg weight and decreased residual yolk but had no effect on chick weight, relative heart and liver (% of embryo weight), hatchability, embryo mortality, incubation time, oxidative stress, or mean RA. In conclusion, these results provide further evidence that photoperiodic lighting during incubation (Inc0-21d) may improve adaptation of chicks to a novel environment at hatching, possibly giving birds a better start for early posthatching development.
机译：进行这项研究是为了评估整个培养期间（Inc 0-21d ）或培养的最后一周（Inc 14-21d）在培养过程中16L：8D光周期的影响），关于胚胎褪黑素和皮质类固醇的黑暗节律与新生孵化雏鸡对孵化后环境的早期应激反应有关。暗孵育条件（Inc Dark ）作为对照。实验中使用了来自Ross 308肉种鸡的三批鸡蛋（n = 1,080、1,320、720）。 Inc 0-21d 的胚胎在内部抽水和孵化中表现出褪黑激素的每日节律，而Inc Dark 胚胎则没有。 Inc 14-21d 组仅在孵化时具有节律性血浆褪黑激素。孵化过程中皮质酮的L：D节律很明显。显着的孵化x采样时间交互作用表明，与孵化（暗期）值相比，孵化后（亮期）8 h Inc 0-21d 的血液中皮质酮水平的增加可能较低孵化照明下Inc 0-21d 下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴可能发生变化。这一发现也可能表明对孵化后环境的适应性得到了改善。孵化照明并未持续影响大脑中丙二醛的浓度;组之间的唯一区别是在Inc 14-21d 中孵化时的浓度较高，而内部抽水阶段的孵化组具有相似的值。平均相对不对称性（RA）与孵化照明没有差异。丙二醛和RA的结果表明，在整个孵育过程中既没有光照也没有黑暗会加剧胚胎的氧化和发育压力。仅在Inc 14-21d 孵化时观察到胸肌重量增加。 Inc 0-21d 组的胚重相对于卵重增加，残留蛋黄减少，但对雏鸡体重，相对心脏和肝脏（占胚重的百分比），孵化率，胚胎死亡率，孵化没有影响时间，氧化应激或平均RA。总之，这些结果提供了进一步的证据，表明孵化过程中的光周期光照（Inc 0-21d ）可能会提高雏鸡在孵化时对新环境的适应能力，这可能为鸟类早孵化后的发展提供更好的开始。

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