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首页> 外文期刊>Postgraduate Medical Journal >Severe childhood obesity: an under-recognised and growing health problem
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Severe childhood obesity: an under-recognised and growing health problem

机译：严重的儿童肥胖：人们对健康的认识不足并日益严重

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摘要

Childhood obesity is a serious and urgent public health problem. In the last 10 years, there has been a concerted effort in the USA and globally to develop and implement educational, medical and public health interventions designed to attenuate its growth. The success of these efforts was probably responsible for the plateau in the prevalence rate of childhood obesity noted in the last two years. While the attenuation of the overall prevalence of childhood obesity is promising, data from the same cohort reveal a concerning upward trend in the number of children with severe obesity. The consequences of severe childhood obesity can be devastating. When compared to their moderately obese peers, children with severe obesity are at greater risk for adult obesity, early atherosclerosis, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver disease and premature death. The determinants for severe obesity include the same lifestyle, environmental, familial and societal risk factors reported for overweight or obesity. While all these risk factors must be screened for, genetic influences are distinct considerations that may have greater bearing especially with early-onset obesity. Treatments for severe childhood obesity include lifestyle intervention, specialised low-calorie diets and bariatric surgery. Outcomes of these treatments vary, with bariatric surgery clearly the most successful of the three for both short-term and long-term weight loss. Severe obesity in children and adolescents remains a challenging health condition. The enormous medical, emotional and financial burden these children and their families endure signals an urgent need to further investigate and standardise treatment modalities and improve outcomes.
机译：儿童肥胖是一个严重而紧迫的公共卫生问题。在过去的十年中，美国和全球范围内一直在共同努力，以开发和实施旨在减缓其增长的教育，医学和公共卫生干预措施。这些努力的成功可能是导致最近两年儿童肥胖症患病率稳定的原因。虽然降低儿童肥胖症的总体患病率是有希望的，但来自同一队列的数据显示，严重肥胖症儿童的数量呈令人担忧的上升趋势。严重的儿童肥胖症的后果可能是毁灭性的。与中度肥胖的同龄人相比，重度肥胖的儿童患成人肥胖，早期动脉粥样硬化，高血压，2型糖尿病，代谢综合征，脂肪肝疾病和过早死亡的风险更高。严重肥胖的决定因素包括报告的超重或肥胖的生活方式，环境，家族和社会风险因素相同。尽管必须筛查所有这些危险因素，但遗传因素是不同的考虑因素，尤其是对于早发性肥胖症，可能具有更大的影响力。儿童严重肥胖的治疗方法包括生活方式干预，低热量饮食和减肥手术。这些治疗的结果各不相同，对于短期和长期减肥，减肥手术显然是三者中最成功的。儿童和青少年的严重肥胖仍然是充满挑战的健康状况。这些儿童及其家庭承受的巨大医疗，情感和经济负担表明，迫切需要进一步调查和标准化治疗方式并改善治疗效果。

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