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A National Description of Violence toward Emergency Medical Services Personnel

机译：国家对紧急医疗服务人员的暴力行为描述

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Introduction: EMS personnel often work in unpredictable environments and are at high risk for sustaining occupational injuries. One potential source of injury that is of growing concern is violence toward EMS personnel. Objective: To describe the prevalence of violence directed at EMS personnel by type and source, and to identify characteristics associated with experiencing violence. Methods: The 2013 Longitudinal EMT Attributes and Demographics Study contained 14 items assessing violence experienced in the past 12 months. Violence was categorized by type (physical or verbal) and by source (the patient or a patient's family member or bystander). EMS personnel characteristics included sex, age, race, marital status, certification level, firefighter, volunteerism, agency type, and community size. Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed on personnel whose primary role was providing patient care. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was used to assess associations between provider characteristics and experiencing violence. Results: A total of 2,515/4,238 (59.3%) responses were received and 1,789 met inclusion criteria. Over two-thirds (69.0%) experienced at least one form of violence in the past 12 months. Verbal violence was more prevalent than physical (67.0% vs. 43.6%). Using multivariable logistic regression to control for other demographic and employment characteristics, paramedics had nearly triple the odds of experiencing physical (OR = 2.67, 95% CI = 2.06-3.46) and verbal (OR = 2.63, 95% CI = 1.99-3.46) violence as EMTs. Urban personnel had increased odds of experiencing physical (OR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.21-1.93) and verbal violence (OR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.02-1.71). Each additional weekly transport increased the odds of experiencing physical (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03-1.05) and verbal (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.03-1.06) violence by 4%. Those who were volunteers at their main EMS jobs had decreased odds of experiencing physical (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.50-0.92) and verbal (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.44-0.78) violence. Conclusions: Over two-thirds of EMS personnel experienced at least one form of violence in the last 12 months.Demographic and employment characteristics associated with experiencing violence were identified. Our findings may be used in education initiatives to raise awareness of the high prevalence of violence toward EMS personnel and factors associated with experiencing violence.
机译：简介：EMS人员经常在无法预测的环境中工作，极易遭受职业伤害。对EMS人员的暴力是引起人们日益关注的一种潜在伤害来源。目的：按类型和来源描述针对EMS人员的暴力行为的普遍程度，并确定与经历暴力行为有关的特征。方法：2013年纵向EMT属性和人口统计研究包含14个项目，评估过去12个月中经历的暴力。暴力是按类型（身体或语言）和来源（患者或患者的家庭成员或旁观者）分类的。 EMS人员的特征包括性别，年龄，种族，婚姻状况，认证水平，消防员，志愿服务，机构类型和社区规模。对主要提供患者护理的人员进行了描述性和比较性分析。多变量逻辑回归模型用于评估服务提供者特征与经历暴力之间的关联。结果：总共收到2,515 / 4,238（59.3％）的答复，并且符合纳入标准的有1,789。在过去的12个月中，超过三分之二（69.0％）经历了至少一种暴力形式。言语暴力比肢体暴力更为普遍（67.0％对43.6％）。使用多变量logistic回归控制其他人口统计和就业特征，护理人员的物理（OR = 2.67，95％CI = 2.06-3.46）和口头（OR = 2.63，95％CI = 1.99-3.46）的几率几乎翻了三倍暴力作为EMT。城市工作人员经历身体伤害（OR = 1.53，95％CI = 1.21-1.93）和口头暴力（OR = 1.32，95％CI = 1.02-1.71）的几率增加。每增加一次每周运输，遭受身体暴力（OR = 1.04，95％CI = 1.03-1.05）和口头暴力（OR = 1.04，95％CI = 1.03-1.06）的几率就会增加4％。自愿从事主要EMS工作的人经历身体暴力（OR = 0.68，95％CI = 0.50-0.92）和口头暴力（OR = 0.59，95％CI = 0.44-0.78）的几率降低。结论：在过去的12个月中，超过三分之二的EMS人员经历了至少一种暴力形式，并确定了与暴力相关的人口统计和就业特征。我们的发现可能会用于教育计划中，以提高人们对EMS人员暴力的普遍性以及与暴力相关的因素的认识。

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