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Effectiveness of self-applied tourniquets in human volunteers.

机译：自我施加止血带对人类志愿者的有效性。

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Background. Tourniquets are not commonly used in routine extremity trauma, but can be vital for hemorrhage control in austere conditions. Objective. To determine the effectiveness in human volunteers of currently available self-applied tourniquets for extremity hemorrhage. Methods. Seven tourniquets were tested on the thigh for elimination of detectable distal pulse by Doppler auscultation at the popliteal artery (experiment I, n = 18 subjects). The tourniquets that were effective in >/=80% of subjects in experiment I were tested for effectiveness on the upper arm by auscultation at the radial artery (experiment II, n = 12 subjects). Results. Three of the seven tourniquets were effective in all subjects in experiment I; a fourth tourniquet was effective in 88%. Three of the four successful devices were also 100% effective in experiment II; the fourth was effective in 75%. Failure of tourniquets to eliminate distal Doppler pulse signal was due to inadequate mechanical advantage for tightening, device failure (breakage), or intolerable pinching or circumferential pain prior to pulse elimination. The Combat Application Tourniquet (North American Rescue Products, Inc.), the Emergency & Military Tourniquet (Delfi Medical Innovations, Inc.), and the Special Operations Forces Tactical Tourniquet (Tactical Medical Solutions, LLC) were all found to be 100% effective in elimination of distal arterial pulse in both the arm and the leg in all subjects. Conclusion. Some commercially available tourniquets do not reliably occlude arterial blood flow and may not be successful in preventing extremity exsanguination in a trauma patient. Potential purchasers of such devices should bear this in mind when selecting a device for clinical use.
机译：背景。止血带通常不用于常规的肢体创伤，但对于在严峻条件下的出血控制至关重要。目的。为了确定目前可用的自施止血带对人类志愿者的四肢出血效果。方法。在大腿上测试七个止血带，以通过by动脉多普勒听诊消除可检测到的远端脉搏（实验I，n = 18位受试者）。通过对the动脉进行听诊，对在实验I中> / = 80％的受试者中有效的止血带进行了上臂的有效性测试（实验II，n = 12个受试者）。结果。七个止血带中的三个在实验I的所有受试者中均有效。第四次止血带的有效率为88％。在实验II中，四个成功的装置中有三个也100％有效。第四位有效率为75％。止血带未能消除远端多普勒脉搏信号，是由于在消除脉搏之前没有足够的机械优势进行拧紧，器械出现故障（破裂），无法忍受的挤压或周围疼痛。战斗应用止血带（北美救援产品公司），紧急和军事止血带（Delfi Medical Innovations公司）以及特种作战部队战术止血带（Tactical Medical Solutions，LLC）都被认为是100％有效的在所有受试者中消除了手臂和腿部的远端动脉搏动。结论。一些可商购的止血带不能可靠地阻塞动脉血流，并且可能无法成功地防止创伤患者的肢体放血。此类设备的潜在购买者在选择用于临床的设备时应牢记这一点。

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