OBJECTIVE: To compare the Eject Helmet Removal (EHR) System with manual football helmet removal. METHODS: This quasiexperimental counterbalanced study was conducted in a controlled laboratory setting. Thirty certified athletic trainers (17 men and 13 women; mean +/- standard deviation age: 33.03 +/- 10.02 years; height: 174.53 +/- 12.04 cm; mass: 85.19 +/- 19.84 kg) participated after providing informed consent. Participants removed a Riddell Revolution IQ football helmet from a healthy model two times each under two conditions: manual helmet removal (MHR) and removal with the EHR system. A six-camera, three-dimensional motion capture system was used to record range of motion (ROM) of the head. A digital stopwatch was used to time trials and to record a split time associated with EHR system bladder insertion. A modified Borg CR10 scale was used to measure the rating of perceived exertion (RPE). Mean values were created for each variable. Three pairwise t-tests with Bonferroni-corrected alpha levels tested for differences between time for removal, split time, and RPE. A 2 x 3 (condition x plane) totally within-subjects repeated-measures design analysis of variance (ANOVA) tested for differences in head ROM between the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes. Analyses were performed using SPSS (version 18.0) (alpha = 0.05). RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in perceived difficulty between EHR (RPE = 2.73) and MHR (RPE = 2.55) (t(29) = 0.76; p = 0.45; d = 0.20). Manual helmet removal was, on average, 28.95 seconds faster than EHR (t(29) = 11.44; p < 0.001). Head ROM was greater during EHR compared with MHR in the sagittal (t(29) = 4.57; p < 0.001), frontal (t(29) = 5.90; p < 0.001), and transverse (t(29) = 8.34; p < 0.001) planes. Head ROM was also greater during the helmet-removal portion of EHR in the frontal (t(29) = 4.44; p < 0.001) and transverse (t(29) = 5.99; p < 0.001) planes, compared with MHR. Regardless of technique, sagittal-plane head ROM was greater than frontal- and transverse-plane movements (F(2,58) = 241.47; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Removing a helmet manually is faster and creates slightly less motion than removing a helmet using the Eject system. Both techniques were equally easy to use. Future research should analyze the performance of the Eject system in other styles of football helmets and in helmets used in other sports such as lacrosse, motorsports, and ice hockey.
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机译：目的：将“脱出头盔”（EHR）系统与手动脱除橄榄球头盔进行比较。方法：这项准实验性平衡研究是在受控实验室中进行的。三十名经认证的运动教练（17名男性和13名女性;平均+/-标准偏差年龄：33.03 +/- 10.02岁;身高：174.53 +/- 12.04厘米;质量：85.19 +/- 19.84千克）在获得知情同意后参加。参与者在以下两种情况下从健康模型中分别取下了Riddell Revolution IQ橄榄球头盔两次：手动头盔取下（MHR）和使用EHR系统取下。六摄像头三维运动捕捉系统用于记录头部的运动范围（ROM）。数字秒表用于计时试验并记录与EHR系统膀胱插入相关的时间。修改后的Borg CR10量表用于衡量感知劳累（RPE）的等级。为每个变量创建平均值。使用Bonferroni校正的alpha水平的三个成对t检验测试了去除时间，拆分时间和RPE之间的差异。总共2 x 3（条件x平面）受试者内部的重复测量方差设计分析（ANOVA），用于测试矢状，前额和横向平面之间的头部ROM差异。使用SPSS（版本18.0）（α= 0.05）进行分析。结果：EHR（RPE = 2.73）和MHR（RPE = 2.55）之间的感知难度没有统计学上的显着差异（t（29）= 0.76; p = 0.45; d = 0.20）。平均而言，人工脱头盔比EHR快28.95秒（t（29）= 11.44; p <0.001）。在EHR期间，头部ROM较MHR的矢状（t（29）= 4.57; p <0.001），额侧（t（29）= 5.90; p <0.001）和横向（t（29）= 8.34; p <0.001）的飞机。与MHR相比，在额面（t（29）= 4.44; p <0.001）和横向（t（29）= 5.99; p <0.001）的EHR头盔移除部分中，头部ROM也更大。无论采用何种技术，矢状面ROM均大于额骨和横断面运动（F（2,58）= 241.47; p <0.001）。结论：与使用Eject系统移除头盔相比，手动移除头盔更快且产生的运动略少。两种技术都同样易于使用。未来的研究应分析Eject系统在其他样式的橄榄球头盔以及在其他运动中使用的头盔（例如曲棍网兜球，赛车和冰球）的性能。
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