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Improved mechanical properties and microstructural development of microwave sintered copper and nickel steel PM parts

机译：微波烧结铜和镍钢PM零件的改善的机械性能和显微组织发展

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The application of microwave technology to a diverse range of materials and processes has resulted in a wide spectrum of materials that are commercially processed using microwaves, from the heating of food to the vulcanisation of rubber to the sintering of specialty ceramics. Microwave sintering of elemental or alloy metal powders has gained significance in recent times as a novel processing method since it offers many advantages over the conventional sintering method. Despite substantial R&D investment in this area in the past two decades, no competitive microwave technology has yet emerged for powder metallurgy (PM) sintering. In sharp contrast, because it is 'obvious' that microwaves are reflected by metals, it is not uncommon to be unable to locate many journal papers or literature, wherein metal powders have been sintered in a microwave field. This paper reports the improved mechanical properties and microstructural development of microwave sintered copper and nickel steel PM parts as compared with that obtained using conventional sintering technique. The paper describes the fabrication details of the FC-0208 and FN-0208 composition steel PM parts, and the in house modified commercial microwave oven used for sintering. Microwave sintering resulted in higher sintered density and improved mechanical properties for both Cu and Ni steel PM parts as compared with that processed using conventional sintering under identical conditions. The improved mechanical properties can be attributed primarily to more uniform distribution of the alloying elements, which resulted in greater material homogeneity at the nano- and microlevels as revealed by the Cu and Fe X-ray maps using high spatial resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The optical micrographs of both the etched and unetched samples clearly showed development of novel sintered micro- structures having distinct characteristics for the porosity distributions: smooth and rounded pores with low stress concentration regions for microwave sintering as against sharp, triangular and wedge shaped pores with high stress concentration regions for conventional sintering.
机译：微波技术在各种材料和工艺中的应用已经导致了使用微波在商业上进行加工的各种材料，从食物加热到橡胶的硫化再到特种陶瓷的烧结。元素或合金金属粉末的微波烧结作为一种新颖的加工方法，近年来获得了重要的意义，因为它比常规的烧结方法具有许多优点。尽管在过去的二十年中在该领域进行了大量的研发投资，但粉末冶金（PM）烧结的竞争性微波技术尚未出现。与之形成鲜明对比的是，由于“很明显”微波会被金属反射，因此无法找到许多期刊论文或文献，在金属磁场中烧结了金属粉末的情况并不罕见。与传统的烧结技术相比，本文报道了微波烧结铜和镍钢PM零件的改进的机械性能和显微组织发展。本文描述了FC-0208和FN-0208复合钢PM零件的制造细节，以及用于烧结的内部改良型商用微波炉。与在相同条件下使用常规烧结工艺相比，微波烧结导致Cu和Ni钢PM零件的烧结密度更高，并且机械性能得到改善。改善的机械性能主要归因于合金元素的更均匀分布，这导致了纳米级和微米级材料的更高均质性，如使用高空间分辨率扫描透射电子显微镜（STEM）的Cu和Fe X射线图所揭示的）。蚀刻和未蚀刻样品的光学显微照片清楚地显示了新型烧结微结构的发展，该结构具有孔隙率分布的独特特征：用于微波烧结的光滑而圆形的孔具有低应力集中区域，而尖锐的，三角形和楔形的孔常规烧结的应力集中区域。

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