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Chemical Sniffing Instrumentation for Security Applications

机译：用于安全应用的化学嗅探仪器

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摘要

Border control for homeland security faces major challenges worldwide due to chemical threats from national and/or international terrorism as well as organized crime. A wide range of technologies and systems with threat detection and monitoring capabilities has emerged to identify the chemical footprint associated with these illegal activities. This review paper investigates artificial sniffing technologies used as chemical sensors for point-of-use chemical analysis, especially during border security applications. This article presents an overview of (a) the existing available technologies reported in the scientific literature for threat screening, (b) commercially available, portable (hand-held and stand-off) chemical detection systems, and (c) their underlying functional and operational principles. Emphasis is given to technologies that have been developed for in-field security operations, but laboratory developed techniques are also summarized as emerging technologies. The chemical analytes of interest in this review are (a) volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with security applications (e.g., illegal, hazardous, and terrorist events), (b) chemical "signatures" associated with human presence, and (c) threat compounds (drugs, explosives, and chemical warfare agents).
机译：由于国家和/或国际恐怖主义的化学威胁以及有组织犯罪，用于国土安全的边境控制面临着全球范围内的重大挑战。已经出现了具有威胁检测和监视功能的各种技术和系统，以识别与这些非法活动相关的化学足迹。这篇综述文章研究了用作嗅觉传感器的人工嗅探技术，这些化学传感器用于使用点化学分析，尤其是在边境安全应用中。本文概述了（a）科学文献中报道的用于威胁筛查的现有可用技术，（b）商业上可获得的便携式（手持和对位）化学检测系统，以及（c）它们的基本功能和操作原则。重点介绍了已为现场安全操作开发的技术，但实验室开发的技术也被总结为新兴技术。此次审查中关注的化学分析物是（a）与安全应用（例如，非法，危险和恐怖事件）相关的挥发性有机化合物（VOC），（b）与人类存在相关的化学“特征”，以及（c）威胁化合物（毒品，炸药和化学战剂）。

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