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首页> 外文期刊>Prevention science: the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research >Methodological Challenges Examining Subgroup Differences: Examples from Universal School-based Youth Violence Prevention Trials
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Methodological Challenges Examining Subgroup Differences: Examples from Universal School-based Youth Violence Prevention Trials

机译：研究亚组差异的方法论挑战：来自以学校为基础的普遍性青少年暴力预防试验的例子

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摘要

This article reviews the literature on school-based universal violence prevention programs to illustrate key methodological challenges for investigating subgroup differences in prevention effects. The variety of potential moderating factors examined within this literature is discussed within the context of a social-ecological model. Our review of this literature identified the following methodological issues: the need for a clear a priori theoretical basis for selecting potential moderators, inflated Type I error rates that result from large numbers of comparisons, the absence of explicit tests of moderation, interpretive issues arising from a restricted range on moderator variables, the failure to report effect size estimates, the presence of potential confounding factors, and the importance of examining factors that might operate at multiple ecological levels. These points are illustrated using examples of studies, primarily within youth violence prevention research, that have identified factors within the individual, school, and community that moderate the outcomes of preventive interventions. We conclude with general recommendations for future work. These include the benefits of using the social-ecological model to provide a basis for moving from exploratory to more theory-driven confirmatory models of subgroup differences, the potential merits of qualitative research designed to identify factors that may influence the effectiveness of intervention efforts for specific subgroups of individuals, and the provision of effect size estimates and confidence intervals for effect sizes in prevention reports.
机译：本文回顾了有关基于学校的普遍暴力预防计划的文献，以阐明调查亚组预防效果差异的主要方法挑战。本文在社会生态模型的背景下讨论了各种潜在的调节因素。我们对这些文献的审查确定了以下方法论问题：选择潜在的主持人需要明确的先验理论基础，大量比较导致虚假的I型错误率，缺乏适度的明确测试，由以下原因引起的解释性问题主持人变量的范围有限，未能报告影响大小的估计值，潜在的混杂因素的存在以及检查可能在多个生态水平运行的因素的重要性。使用主要是在青少年暴力预防研究中的研究示例说明了这些观点，这些研究已确定了个人，学校和社区内部的因素，这些因素可减轻预防干预措施的结果。最后，我们对未来的工作提出了一般性建议。这些好处包括使用社会生态模型为从探索性转变为更多理论驱动的亚组差异验证模型提供基础的好处，定性研究的潜在优点，旨在确定可能影响特定干预措施有效性的因素个体分组，并在预防报告中提供效应量估计值和效应量置信区间。

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